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Living by the ocean offers great views and a unique lifestyle, but it also comes with challenges like coastal erosion and storm surges. For beachfront homeowners, Gold Coast seawalls aren't just a smart investment - it’s a requirement under the City of Gold Coast’s City Plan to protect your property and the surrounding coastline.  At International Coastal Management (ICM) , we make the seawalls construction process seamless. From design and certification to final construction sign-off and dune restoration, we handle every step with expertise.  Why Do You Need a Seawall?  Coastal erosion is a natural process, but it can become a significant risk during storms or high tides. Without adequate protection, your property could lose valuable land or face structural damage.  Seawalls in Australia are one line of defence for coastal erosion. On the Gold Coast, it is the responsibility of private property owners  to construct and maintain a seawall (to council standards). These are designed to:  Prevent property loss and reduce damage from storms.  Comply with regulations by meeting City Plan requirements for beachfront properties.  Enhance longevity    The Gold Coast A-Line  The A-Line is the approved alignment for seawall construction along the Gold Coast beaches, established after severe erosion in the 1960s and 1970s. It ensures a consistent and connected seawall system along the coastline, protecting both public and private properties.  At ICM, we design seawalls that perfectly align with the A-Line, ensuring they meet Council requirements and integrate seamlessly into the coastal landscape.  Steps to Building a Private Seawall on the Gold Coast  Building a seawall on the Gold Coast can seem complex, but with ICM, it doesn’t have to be. We’ve simplified the Gold Coast City Council’s 11-step process into manageable actions, ensuring compliance at every stage:  1. Understand the City Plan Requirements  Before beginning, review the City Plan Coastal Erosion Hazard Overlay Code  and related guidelines and requirements . These documents outline the technical and regulatory standards for seawall construction.  ICM Support: Our team breaks down the technical jargon, ensuring you know exactly what’s required.  2. Get the Necessary Approvals  You’ll need development applications approved by both the City of Gold Coast and relevant Queensland Government departments for tidal or prescribed tidal works.  ICM Advantage: We handle the paperwork for you, from State Government approvals for tidal works to Council permits.    3. Submit the Security Deposit  The City of Gold Coast requires a minimum bond of $16,745 before work begins, ensuring satisfactory restoration of dunes and infrastructure, certification and approvals.  Why ICM: We'll guide you through the deposit requirements, and ensure your seawall and dune system is built to council standards so your bond can be returned promptly after project completion.    4. Design and Certification  Your seawall must be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ) to meet Council standards.  Why ICM: Our RPEQ-certified engineers bring decades of experience to create designs that are durable, compliant, and environmentally integrated.  5. Pre-Construction Activities  Prepare for construction by managing temporary road/pathway closures and ensuring minimal disruption to public access.  ICM’s Full-Service Approach: We manage all pre-construction logistics, including obtaining necessary permits.  6. Construction of Seawall  Work with a qualified contractor to construct your seawall to Council standards.  ICM Expertise: We oversee construction to ensure quality and compliance every step of the way.  7. Restore the Dune and Vegetation  After construction, dunes must be reformed with clean sand, native vegetation planted, and dune fencing installed.  Our Complete Solution: We integrate dune restoration to ensure your seawall functions as part of a resilient coastal system to council standards. 8. Final Certification and Inspections  Submit certifications and inspections to the City of Gold Coast for final approval.  ICM’s Commitment: We ensure your seawall and dune system meet the highest standards.   Gold Coast Coastal Management To counteract Gold Coast erosion, there are a range of innovative and multifaceted coastal protection measures implemented. Combining coastal protection structures, artificial reefs (like the Narrowneck Artificial Reef ), beach nourishment , and stable dune systems, the region addresses erosion and ensures resilient coastlines. Additionally, sand bypassing and backpassing maintain natural sediment flows, while native vegetation stabilises dunes, providing critical storm buffers and wildlife habitats. This holistic approach balances environmental, community, and surf amenity benefits, safeguarding the coastline for future generations. FAQ: Your Seawall Questions Answered  1. How long does seawall construction take?  The timeline varies depending on the complexity of the site but typically ranges from 4 to 5 months. The design and construction of a seawall can be relatively quick (2-4 weeks), however the approval process can take up to 4 months. 2. What’s the typical cost of a seawall?  Costs vary based on site conditions, materials, and regulatory requirements. We provide a tailored quote after an initial site assessment.  3. Do I need a seawall if I already have dunes?   Dunes are an essential part of coastal resilience but may not be sufficient on their own. Terminal seawalls provide a critical defence against wave action and erosion, especially during storms.  4. Can ICM handle the entire process?  Yes! From design and approvals to construction management and dune restoration, ICM offers an end-to-end solution tailored to your property’s needs.  5. Why is dune restoration necessary after building a seawall?  Dunes stabilise the area, reduce wind erosion, and enhance the natural resilience of your property. Dune restoration helps your seawall works in harmony with the environment, and is a requirement from the Gold Coast City Council.  ICM’s Expertise in Seawall Construction  ICM provides end-to-end seawall solutions, including:  Design:  Engineering seawalls to meet Gold Coast standards.  Construction:  Managing the building process (working with local contractors) from start to finish.  Regulatory Compliance:  Navigating the approval process for you.  Dune Restoration:  Stabilising the site with sand, vegetation, and fencing plans.  Our team ensures your seawall not only protects your property but also integrates seamlessly with natural coastal processes , enhancing long-term resilience.    Ready to protect your beachfront property?   Contact ICM for tailored seawall solutions designed to safeguard your home and investment while meeting Gold Coast regulations.

The Beree-Badalla Boardwalk, a 40-year-old elevated timber structure along Currumbin Creek, is set to be upgraded by the City of Gold Coast. ICM conducted a comprehensive Coastal Processes Impact Assessment to ensure the proposed design is resilient to erosion and inundation risks in this sensitive tidal nature reserve. Existing Beree-Badalla Boardwalk to be upgrade Project Details Client : Planit Consulting (for the City of Gold Coast) Date : 2022 Location : Currumbin Creek, Gold Coast, QLD About This Project The Challenge The Beree-Badalla Boardwalk, spanning 1.2km over the tidal nature reserve along Currumbin Creek, provides pedestrian access. After 40 years of service, the City of Gold Coast is planning to replace it with an upgraded structure. Situated within the Coastal Management District and an Erosion Prone Area, the project required a Coastal Processes Impact Assessment. The Solution ICM, engaged as sub-consultants by Planit Consulting, provided critical coastal engineering input to support the Development Application. The team undertook a thorough Coastal Processes Impact Assessment, which included: Data Review and Analysis : ICM reviewed available site data, including historic aerial imagery, surveys, previous reports, state mapping, geotechnical data and conducted a site inspection. These insights informed a conceptual coastal processes model that was developed to understand site-specific dynamics. Impact Assessment : The proposed alignment’s vulnerability to inundation and erosion was rigorously assessed. The impact assessment found that the proposed alignment was suitable, with recommended scour depth provided for boardwalk piles. These analyses and recommendations ensure the upgraded Beree-Badalla Boardwalk is resilient, sustainable, and capable of serving the community needs. “This project reflects our commitment to sustainable, resilient design in sensitive coastal environments, ensuring infrastructure supports both the community and the natural ecosystem.” – Angus Jackson, Founder, International Coastal Management Services Provided Site inspection and review Coastal Processes Impact Assessment Responses to State Code 8 and Schedule 3 Get in Touch ICM specialises in coastal engineering solutions that integrate resilience, sustainability, and regulatory compliance. If you’re planning infrastructure upgrades or coastal developments, contact our team of experts to ensure your project is designed for long-term success.

Australia's diverse coastlines are subject to constant change due to natural processes and human activity. From erosion to rising sea levels, protecting coastal properties has become a critical concern for homeowners, developers, and businesses. Building seawalls in Australia can be part of the solution, however they are just one piece of the puzzle in coastal resilience puzzle. At International Coastal Management (ICM) , we specialise in guiding property owners, councils and developers through the complexities of coastal protection. From navigating local regulations to designing and implementing tailored solutions, we ensure your coastline is protected while balancing environmental sustainability. Understanding Coastal Protection in Australia Coastal management strategies in Australia vary across states and local councils, reflecting diverse approaches to addressing coastal erosion in the context of climate change. Some regions focus on “defend” strategies, such as building seawalls, restoring dune vegetation, implementing artificial reefs, or undertaking beach nourishment. Others may explore alternative strategies aimed at adapting to or mitigating the risks of erosion in vulnerable areas. These approaches are informed by ongoing research and the need to balance environmental, economic, and community priorities. If you are concerned about erosion affecting your coastal property, whether you’re in New South Wales, Queensland or beyond, the first step is understanding the specific regulations and requirements in your region. Engaging experts like ICM ensures you can navigate these complexities effectively and develop a solution that aligns with local policies. Are Seawalls the Right Solution? Seawalls are one method for protecting properties from erosion and wave action. Typically constructed from boulders, concrete, or other durable materials, they serve as a barrier to safeguard beachfront infrastructure. However, seawalls alone may not address the root causes of coastal erosion, and they come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages . At ICM, we approach coastal protection holistically, considering all three elements of the Coastal Resilience Framework : Top of Beach : Managing dunes and vegetation to stabilise the shoreline. Bottom of Beach : Enhancing nearshore zones to dissipate wave energy. Sediment Supply : Ensuring a balanced flow of sand to sustain beach health. By evaluating these factors, we ensure that a seawall in Australia is part of an integrated solution tailored to the specific needs of your site. Types of Seawalls Seawalls come in a variety of forms, with their design tailored to the specific needs of the coastline they protect. Materials can range from rock and boulders , which provide a natural and cost-effective barrier, to concrete and modular designs , often used for their durability and adaptability. Living seawalls  are an innovative option, incorporating features that can support marine life habitat while offering coastal protection. Geotextile container seawalls , made from durable fabric filled with sand or other materials, are a flexible alternative suitable for temporary or less-impacted areas. Seawalls also differ in shape, influencing their effectiveness and interaction with wave energy. Sloped seawalls  dissipate wave energy gradually, reducing impact forces, while vertical walls  reflect wave energy but may increase turbulence. Curved or stepped seawalls  are designed to deflect waves upward or break their energy in stages, offering additional protection while potentially enhancing aesthetics. The choice of seawall type depends on site-specific conditions, including wave dynamics, environmental considerations, and budgetary constraints. Enhancing Seawalls with Dunes and Living Elements In many cases, seawalls work best when combined with other coastal resilience measures. For example, Gold Coast seawalls incorporate vegetated dunes on top of them, to provide an additional layer of protection by helping to trap sand, reduce wind erosion, and absorb wave energy. Similarly, living elements like oyster reefs or seagrass beds can enhance biodiversity while contributing to coastal stability. Our team at ICM designs solutions that work with natural processes, creating sustainable outcomes that benefit both communities and the environment. How ICM Helps You Navigate Coastal Protection Coastal protection projects in Australia often involve complex approval processes and strict regulations. At ICM, we provide end-to-end support, including: Regulatory Guidance : Understanding and complying with local, state, and federal regulations. Permit Applications : Preparing and submitting all necessary documentation. Design and Engineering : Creating tailored solutions, including seawalls, dunes, and living elements. Construction and Monitoring : Overseeing project implementation and ensuring long-term success. With decades of experience and a proven track record across Australia's coastlines, we are uniquely positioned to deliver expert advice and practical solutions. When to Consider Coastal Protection If you're noticing signs of erosion or instability on your property, it’s crucial to act quickly. Warning signs include: Retreating shorelines. Visible cracks or damage to existing seawalls. Increased exposure of dunes or vegetation to wave action. Accelerated loss of beach sand. Early intervention can save significant costs and prevent further damage. Contact ICM for a site-specific analysis and recommendations for your project. Building Coastal Resilience for the Future Protecting Australia's coastlines requires more than just hard structures like seawalls. By integrating solutions that address the top of the beach, bottom of the beach, and sediment supply, we create systems that are adaptive, sustainable, and resilient. At ICM, we believe in working with natural processes to protect your property while preserving the beauty and biodiversity of Australia's iconic coastlines. Ready to Protect Your Coastal Property? Whether you're a private homeowner or a developer, coastal protection can feel overwhelming. ICM is here to simplify the process and deliver results you can trust. Contact us today to discuss your coastal challenges and explore tailored solutions for your property.

The rising global interest in surfing and artificial surf reefs reflects a desire to merge coastal protection with recreational value, yet the complexity and mixed success make them a challenging innovation to implement effectively. At International Coastal Management (ICM) , we’ve been involved with artificial surf reef developments for the last 40 years, refining the art of balancing coastal protection with surfing functionality. As coastal communities face increasing challenges from erosion, sea-level rise, and the need for tourism-driven economic growth, the lessons learned from global artificial surfing reef projects can serve as a roadmap for future projects.  Table of Contents What are Artificial Surf Reefs? Artificial Surf Reef Design Challenges and Variables Designing for Surfing vs. Coastal Protection Global Artificial Surf Reefs Upcoming Artificial Reef Projects Key Considerations for Successful Artificial Surf Reefs FAQ: Understanding Artificial Surf Reefs Get in Touch Narrowneck Artificial Reef, Australia What are Artificial Surf Reefs? Artificial surf reefs are man-made underwater structures engineered to replicate the benefits of natural reefs. These structures aim to enhance wave quality by shaping surfable waves, improving wave face cleanliness, and extending ride length. While they are often thought to offer coastal protection by reducing wave energy and minimising beach erosion , in practice, surf reefs rarely achieve both objectives effectively.    "Artificial reefs can improve surf conditions, but expectations must be managed. Surfable waves depend on highly variable factors like wave height, period, and wind direction. Designing the ‘perfect wave’ for everyone is not realistic." - Angus Jackson, Founder, International Coastal Management   Constructed with materials like geotextile sand containers , rocks, or concrete modules on the ocean floor, artificial surf reefs are typically optimised for either surfing performance or coastal protection, but achieving both simultaneously requires careful trade-offs and compromises.  Artificial Surf Reef Design Challenges and Variables Designing an artificial surf reef requires precision and consideration of many variables. The type of breaker, peel angle, and wave height are all critical to achieving a rideable wave. A reef that produces consistent, progressive waves for surfers must account for local seabed contours, wave energy, and target users.  Key artificial surf reef design parameters include: Wave Height and Period:  Determines the energy and surfability of the wave Breaker Type:  Spilling waves suit beginners; plunging waves appeal to advanced surfers Peel Angle:  Influences how progressively the wave breaks along its crest, critical for rideable conditions For example, a 1-meter wave will break in water approximately 1 to 1.4 meters deep. The reef’s shape must encourage waves to break progressively along the crest, creating the "peeling" effect desired by surfers. The perfect reef for one group of surfers may not suit another. Beginners benefit from safer, spilling waves, while advanced surfers usually prefer the challenge of steep, plunging breaks.  Designing for Surfing vs. Coastal Protection The experience on the Gold Coast highlights a key reality: designing a surf reef is much more complex than it seems. While natural reefs around the world can (in the right conditions) create ideal surfing conditions, replicating this in an engineered structure is not as simple as it sounds.  Typical Reef Shapes - ICM The challenge lies in achieving the precise conditions needed to produce a progressive, rideable wave that offers a long, consistent surfing experience. A surf reef requires careful attention to the placement and geometry of the reef’s crest, which must be carefully angled toward the beach to ensure waves break in a way that’s optimal for surfing. In contrast, coastal protection reefs can be more straightforward, often taking the form of submerged breakwaters designed to reduce wave energy and prevent beach erosion.  The Gold Coast Artificial Reefs: An Initial Hybrid Approach The Gold Coast provides two distinct case studies for artificial reefs. The Narrowneck Artificial Reef , a hybrid design, was created primarily for coastal protection with surfing as a secondary benefit. In contrast, Palm Beach Artificial Reef  was designed as a surf reef, focused on generating a right-hand surf break.  Narrowneck Artificial Reef: A Multipurpose Artificial Reef Designed as a multipurpose structure, The Narrowneck Artificial Reef, developed by ICM , was built primarily for coastal protection with a secondary objective to enhance surf conditions. Originally designed in a V-shape to allow for both left- and right-hand rides, this early prototype required adjustments when strong currents were observed in the model, leading to a split in the ‘V’. Due to safety considerations, a proactive decision was made to lower the reef's crest by 1 meter before construction, ensuring a depth of 1.5 meters below the low tide waterline.  While Narrowneck ultimately succeeded in its primary role as a coastal stabilisation  reef, its surf functionality is limited to specific conditions. It should be noted that the Narrowneck Reef was part of an integrated coastal management approach for The Gold Coast’s northern beaches ( The Northern Gold Coast Beach Protecting Strategy ). The beach at the Narrowneck location should not exist due the large, artificial headland jutting out into the sea compared to the rest of the shoreline. The reef’s focus was to produce a coastal protection structure at low-cost and high-volume, therefore an innovative approach using large, sand filled geotextile containers was developed, producing a significant reef volume (approx. 70,000m³) for AUD$2.3M (approx. AUD$30/m³). The Narrowneck Artificial Headland jutting out into the sea beyond the rest of the coastline, with no accessible beach at high tides (before the artificial reef and NGBPS).    Narrowneck ”beach” before the artificial reef (NGBPS) vs 25 years on, with stabilised beach and manmade dune system in lee of the reef. Surfers congregating on the large, built-up sand bank in the lee of the reef (on small swell days)   Angus Jackson, our founder, reflects on the surfing element of the reef, saying:  "Narrowneck works very well for coastal protection without causing harmful erosion behind the reef. However, as a surf reef, it’s more restricted, performing best when the tide is low and the swell is clean and large."  It should be noted that as an underwater structure that helps to retain sand in the nearshore zone, the reef creates greater percentage of use for surf amenity in its vicinity (bulging sand banks around the reef). The excess sand evident in the nearshore zone is typically where surfers can be found. So, can you surf on the reef itself? Sure, if the conditions are right (low tide, 1.5m+ swell and offshore wind) as per the video below.  Palm Beach Artificial Surf Reef: Designed for Surfing In contrast to Narrowneck, the Palm Beach Reef was designed to create a high-quality surf break (noting that surfing as a sport has changed dramatically since Narrowneck’s inception in the late 1990’s with significantly higher demand and general performance levels). A significant focus was put on highly complex computer models to achieve the ideal surf outcomes. Built using rock, Palm Beach Reef was significantly more expensive (AUD$18.3M total or approx. AUD$700/m ³) than Narrowneck and focused on producing a higher performance, right-hand surf wave. This surf reef design offers important lessons for those seeking to create artificial surf reefs in other parts of the world. As Angus Jackson explains:  "Palm Beach shows that when the objective is surfing, the design can be more focused and effective. But with that comes higher costs, as the materials and precision required for a successful surf reef are significantly greater than those for a coastal protection reef."  An artificial reef feasibility study was conducted by ICM and Griffith University in 2004 (presented at the International Surf Reef Conference at Manhattan Beach, California 2005) showcasing that (based on the initial success of Narrowneck Reef as a prototype for artificial reefs) another artificial reef in Palm Beach would be a feasible addition to a beach protection strategy.   From there the reef design went through several reports and design stages (by BMT WBM in 2013, DHI in 2017 and a Final Report in 2018 by Royal Huskoning).   The Palm Beach Reef demonstrates that surf reefs can achieve their recreational goals, with good waves breaking on the reef in the right conditions  (low tide, 1.5m+ swell and offshore wind) and have positive impacts on local sand bars with surf amenity in the lee the reef in smaller/average swell.  Palm Beach Reef in relation to other coastal elements. Source: Gold Coast City Council The Palm Beach Reef was located in the lee of a large, natural reef. This can help focus wave energy on the artificial reef. There is also has rock groyne structure inshore of the reef which helps to stabilises the top of the beach.   Can you surf on the reef itself? Yes, in the right conditions the reef breaks well.   Environmental and Economic Benefits of Artificial Reefs  Both reefs on the Gold Coast offer environmental and economic benefits. Artificial reefs, like their natural counterparts, provide habitats for marine life and contribute to improving beach nourishment practices. Additionally, the surf amenities provided by these reefs have attracted tourism, which has been a boom to the local economy.  "Both Narrowneck and Palm Beach have enhanced the local surf scene and brought significant environmental benefits. The sandbars formed around Narrowneck, for example, have contributed to the stability of the shoreline while also offering recreational value." - Angus Jackson  For other coastal communities, this dual role of artificial reefs, both as coastal protectors and economic drivers through tourism, can be a powerful incentive to explore similar projects.  Global Artificial Surf Reefs  Artificial reefs have been developed worldwide with varying degrees of success, showcasing the complexities and challenges of combining coastal erosion protection with surfing enhancement. Below is an overview of notable projects, highlighting their objectives, construction methods, and outcomes: Bukitts Reef, Bargara, Queensland (1997)  Objective:  Surf-only improvement.  Materials:  Basalt boulders.  Construction Method:  Existing rocks on the headland were repositioned using an excavator at low tide. Approximate volume: 300m³.  Outcome:  A cost-effective and community-driven effort that transformed hazardous conditions into a peeling right-hand wave, Angus Jackson of ICM was able to provide valuable input into this pioneering concept. Cables Reef (Cable Station), Western Australia (1998-1999) Objective:  Surf-only enhancement.  Materials:  Limestone rock.  Construction Method:  Rocks placed from a barge. Approximate volume: 5,000m³.  Outcome:  Although it created high-quality waves, inconsistent swell conditions limited the Perth artificial surfing reefs effectiveness, with surfable days occurring sporadically.    Narrowneck Reef, Gold Coast, Queensland (1999-2000 with a top up in 2017)  Objective:  Coastal protection with a secondary goal to improve surf quality.  Materials:  Geotextile sand-filled containers (Terrafix non-woven SFGC).  Construction Method:  150-450t mega sandbags placed via hopper dredge. Approximate volume: 70,000m³.  Outcome:   Narrowneck Reef , designed by ICM, successfully retained sand in the localised area, creating a consistent beach where there had not been before. It created marine biodiversity and surf quality was enhanced but remains limited to specific swell and tide conditions.    Pratte’s Reef, California (2000-2001)  Objective:  Surf enhancement to mitigate the negative impacts of a jetty on local surf conditions.  Materials:  Geotextile sand-filled containers (Nicolon woven).  Construction Method:  14t geotextile containers placed by crane on a barge. Approximate volume: 1,350m³.  Outcome:  The reef failed to consistently produce quality waves and was dismantled in 2010 due to structural issues and environmental concerns    Mount Maunganui Reef, Tauranga, New Zealand (2008)  Objective:  Improve surfing conditions while enhancing beach width and biodiversity.  Materials:  Sand-filled geotextile containers (terrafix/elco non-woven)  Construction Method:  Containers filled in situ, deployed to create a delta-wing-shaped reef. Approximate volume: 6,000m³.  Outcome:  Produced breaking waves when ideal conditions aligned, but there were construction complications, resulting in hazardous rip currents and eventual removal in 2014.    Boscombe Surf Reef, Dorset, England (2009)  Objective:  Enhance surfing conditions  Materials:  Geotextile sand-filled containers.  Construction Method:  Containers filled with local sand. Approximate volume: 13,000m³.  Outcome:  Initially produced occasional bodyboarding waves but faced structural failures. It was rebranded as a "multi-purpose reef" in 2017 but didn’t meet its original surfing objectives.    Kovalam Reef, Kerala, India (2010)  Objective:  Coastal protection with secondary surf enhancement.  Materials:  Geotextile sandbags (30m long).  Construction Method:  Bags placed to create a 100m surfable left-hand wave. Approximate volume: 4,800m³.  Outcome:  Initially stabilised the beach and improved surf, but structural failure within weeks led to its rapid deterioration.    Palm Beach, Australia (2018)  Objective:  Surfing and coastal protection   Materials:  Quarried rock approx 25,000m ³  Construction Method:  Barge placed quarried rock   Outcome:  Great surf in ideal conditions with surf amenity in the reef vicinity on sand bars for majority of the time    Banbury's Beach, Australia (2018)  Objective:  Surfing   Materials:  Floating air pocket   Construction Method:  Barge placed rubber   Outcome:  Damaged during installation, not able to function     While these reefs showcase the potential of artificial surf reefs, they also highlight the importance of site-specific design and clear project goals.    Upcoming Artificial Reef Projects Albany Reef, Australia (TBD)  Objective:  Surfing   Materials:  Quarried rock  Construction Method:  Barge.  Outcome:  In process. This reef has also been 30 years in the making with initial feasibility study and designs by ICM and Griffith University for the locally lead Surf Group S.O.S and City of Albany. The project was then kicked off again in 2015 and has moved through further design development stages by various other consultants, it’s an exciting one to watch as a purely, surf focused reef.   Oceanside, California (TBD)  Objective:  Coastal protection with secondary surf enhancement.  Materials:  Quarried rock  Construction Method:  Barge.  Outcome:  In process. This reef is part of a coastal revitalising project with the main purpose to retain a sandy beach. ICM is working on the detailed design with GHD.     Other Artificial Surf Reefs ICM has developed surf reef designs for locations such as Dubai and Colombia, with these innovative projects awaiting future construction. Modern surf parks/wave pools have also been built globally, specially designed for making waves perfect for surfing at different levels. Key Considerations for Successful Artificial Surf Reefs The success of an artificial surf reef depends on aligning its design with local conditions, user needs, and environmental considerations. As Angus Jackson explains:  "The final design of any reef is as much social science as physical science. It must suit the culture, economy, and surf community it serves."   The global artificial surf reef projects highlight key takeaways for future reefs:  Define Objectives Clearly:  Is the reef for surfing, coastal protection, or both?  Wave Climate:  Evaluate local wave conditions for consistency and quality  User Safety: Safety cannot be compromised for public users   Materials and Design:  Cost and constructability are heavily influenced by material choices   Leverage Natural Sediment Processes:  Sandbars around reefs can amplify surf conditions.  Community Engagement:  Align with local needs and priorities to ensure acceptance and long-term support.  Account for Maintenance:  Ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure long-term success.     FAQ: Understanding Artificial Surf Reefs Do artificial reefs actually work? Artificial reefs are complex structures that require a balance of science, engineering, and site-specific knowledge to succeed. When done right, they not only protect coastlines but also enhance marine habitats and recreational value. The success of reefs like Narrowneck proves the potential when these factors align. What is the most famous artificial reef? The Narrowneck Artificial Reef on the Gold Coast, Australia, is widely regarded as one of the most renowned. It successfully integrates coastal protection with environmental enhancement and improved surfing during ideal conditions, showcasing the multifaceted benefits of artificial surf reefs. What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial reefs? Artificial reefs are a long-term investment. Their benefits, like coastal protection, biodiversity enhancement, and recreation, are significant, but they require ongoing management to deliver sustainable results. Get in Touch Whether your goal is coastal erosion protection, surfing enhancement, or both, ICM has the expertise to guide your project. With decades of experience designing innovative, sustainable solutions, we’re ready to help you transform your coastline. Contact us today  to learn more.

The beaches and world-class surf breaks of the Gold Coast have long been regarded as the crown jewels of Australia's coastal landscape. The Gold Coast is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. However, preserving this coastal charm requires more than nature's hand; rather, it necessitates creative and environmentally responsible approaches to coastal management. Artificial reefs, nearshore nourishment and bypassing systems are at the forefront of these advancements. These initiatives were spearheaded by the efforts of Angus Jackson in the early 80's (as the Gold Coast City's Coastal Engineer) and subsequently by International Coastal Management (ICM), his post-council consultancy. Source: Gold Coast City The Need for Change Historically, the Gold Coast's coastline was shaped and reshaped by the forces of nature—storms, tides, and currents. However, as the 20th century progressed and urban development surged, the natural equilibrium of these beaches began to waver. The 1960s and 70's bore witness to this delicate balance tipping, as severe swell events became more frequent, causing significant erosion and threatening both the natural beauty and the burgeoning tourism industry of the region. Traditional coastal erosion solutions , such as dredging and beach nourishment, became the immediate recourse. While these methods provided temporary relief, they were just that—ephemeral. The recurring costs, both financial and environmental, of these interventions were becoming untenable. It was in this challenging backdrop that visionaries and coastal management experts began to explore alternative, sustainable solutions. The focus shifted from merely reactive measures to proactive, long-term strategies. The idea was not just to combat erosion but to enhance the coastline's recreational and ecological value looking at more nature based solutions . This forward-thinking approach set the stage for innovations like artificial reefs—structures designed to promote sand accumulation and dissipate wave energy, thereby reducing erosion. Piloting for Success Instead of just putting solutions into place, the Gold Coast used a process of piloting and monitoring. With this proactive plan, the area became what could be called a full-scale coastal laboratory. With each project, a lot of monitoring and feedback loops were set up so that real-world results could be used to guide future projects. Because of this commitment to solutions based on facts, the Gold Coast has become known around the world as a model for smart and flexible coastal management. Milestone Projects A series of landmark projects chart the path of the Gold Coast's transformation: Narrowneck Artificial Reef Serving as both a coastal protection measure and a surfing amenity, this reef became a benchmark in artificial reef design . Continuous monitoring has shown geomorphological changes to littoral sand drift. This has caused a buildup of sand around the reef, helping to reduce erosion and offering added surf benefits on sandbanks. Notably, the reef was constructed using geotextile sand containers , which were approximately 1/3 the cost of a rock reef construction. This cost-effective approach was consistent with the pilot nature of the project. Succesful Outcomes: Demonstrated successful use of geotextile sandbags, offering cost-effective reef construction. Induced geomorphological changes, leading to sand build-up around the reef. Reduced coastal erosion and enhanced surfing conditions due to formed sandbanks. Here are some extracts from the latests scientific review of Narrowneck Reef after 20 years and the way that it interacts with the sand morphology. From the paper "Sediment pathways and morphodynamic response to a multi-purpose artificial reef -New insights" . "Twenty years after Narrowneck construction, the MPAR has shown a localised effect on the nearshore morphology that helps to maintain the beach in a similar state compared to the adjacent areas whereas it was previously more vulnerable (i.e. a hotspot). Sediment transport pathways are shown to occur both inshore and offshore of the reef, under varying hydrodynamic and morphodynamic conditions. This study has identified scenarios whereby a previously unforeseen deposition of sand downdrift of the reef occurs in the sub-tidal region." "The deposition process, associated with the presence of the MPAR, aids in coastal protection by dissipating incoming wave energy, before it reaches the shoreline and provides a temporary sediment store to feed the downdrift areas (Figure 36-8) in a process that is akin to headland sand bypassing (Short and Masselink, 1999; Klein et al, 2020) and moreover, it is closely linked to the wave height and direction (Vieira da Silva et al., 2018b). This is likely the reason why the downdift erosion expected during design phase (Turner et al, 2001) has not been observed in the data." "Twenty years after construction, the Narrowneck reef site has more sand deposited updrift and the longshore transport seems to have re-established with minimal impacts on the upper beach. The location of the reef within the active surf zone worked as planned allowing sand to bypass inshore of the reef, particularly under modal wave conditions. Although not initially expected, the results presented in this work demonstrate that the sand bypassing can also occurs offshore of the structure under certain conditions (large oblique waves). Whilst a persistent salient at the shoreline was not observed in the dataset presented here, Narrowneck reef evidently does affect the sediment transport and morphological changes in the short-term, helping to sustain the overall medium to long-term increased volume of sand while allowing sand to also bypass the reef and continue downdrift without significant negative impacts." "The short-term morphological response to the MPAR after two decades is more closely related to the deflection of longshore currents as they encounter the reef than to the dissipation of wave energy, mainly because MPARs are designed to dissipate just enough wave energy so that the wave can still be surfed." Sand Bypassing Systems (Nerang and Tweed Rivers) Recognizing the importance of maintaining navigational access and natural sand flow, sand bypassing systems were established at both the Nerang and Tweed Rivers. They've led the way in coastal management, with additional benefits observed in surf conditions at places like the Superbank and South Stradbroke Island. These systems not only ensured uninterrupted sand delivery to nourish southern beaches but also played a pivotal role in mitigating erosion. Succesful Outcomes: Pioneered sustainable coastal management, ensuring uninterrupted sand delivery. Improved navigational access and natural sand flow. Enhanced surf conditions at iconic spots like the Superbank and South Stradbroke Island. Source: Gold Coast City Palm Beach Artificial Reef (PBAR) Informed by the monitoring results from Narrowneck, PBAR was completed in September 2019. Recent Wave Peel Tracking (WPT) has shown the development of sandbank surf breaks around the reef. Ongoing surveys also indicate that the nourished sand remains retained around the reef, enhancing the coastal landscape and supporting its recreational potential. Succesful Outcomes: Used monitoring results from Narrowneck for informed design and implementation. Wave Peel Tracking (WPT) indicated the development of desirable sandbank surf breaks around the reef. Ongoing surveys showed retained nourished sand around the reef, indicating long-term effectiveness. Aerial of sand build up and interruption around reef The 2017 Gold Coast Beach Nourishment Project (GCBNP) Spanning June to September 2017, this project added over 3 million cubic meters of sand to the Gold Coast's beaches. The project utilised the novel nearshore nourishment approach to achieve high volumes. Survey results five years post-implementation indicate that a commendable 75% of the nourished sand at Palm Beach still remains within the system. This retention is believed to be due to the combination of nearshore nourishment and the Palm Beach reef, which have jointly contributed to sand retention despite facing significant storms over the past half-decade. This project was built on decades of research and development in the field of mass nourishment, led by Angus Jackson and ICM. Succesful Outcomes: Successfully added over 3 million cubic meters of sand to vulnerable beach sections. Five-year post-implementation surveys revealed 75% of nourished sand at Palm Beach still within the system. Proved the combined efficacy of nearshore nourishment and the Palm Beach reef, retaining sand even after significant storm events. Some Key Successes The accomplishments stemming from these projects are manifold: Sustained Sand Retention : Post GCBNP, a remarkable 75% of the nourished sand remained active within the beach system, underscoring the project's efficacy. Revitalized Surf Conditions : The emergence of surf-conducive sandbanks adjacent to the artificial reefs, especially the right-hander near PBAR, bolstered the region's recreational appeal. The Road Ahead The tale of the Gold Coast's artificial reefs and nearshore nourishment is one of innovation, resilience, and sustainable progress. However, as any coastal engineer or environmentalist would attest, coastlines are inherently dynamic zones. Their ever-changing nature, shaped by tides, currents, and human activities, mandates a proactive and adaptive approach to management. As we stand at the cusp of a future marked by climate change challenges, the significance of ongoing monitoring cannot be understated. The lessons learned from each project on the Gold Coast serve as stepping stones, guiding the next phase of innovations. The insights gleaned from the past become particularly vital as we grapple with the looming threats of sea-level rise and increased storm events. Predicted changes, fueled by global warming, will undeniably reshape our coastal landscapes, making the field of coastal engineering in Australia and globally even more crucial. Building upon the foundation laid by trailblazers like Angus Jackson and the entire team at International Coastal Management (ICM), the future will see coastal management strategies that are not only reactive but also anticipatory. Harnessing the symbiotic alliance of science, engineering, and the nature based solutions , we can ensure the Gold Coast's legacy endures, not just as a testament to its past glories, but as a beacon of hope and resilience in the face of future challenges. Acknowledgements An acknowledgment is due to the Gold Coast city and their dedicated team, both past and present. Their unwavering support and openness to pilot projects have been instrumental in advancing coastal management strategies. Their emphasis on rigorous monitoring and development has set a benchmark for other coastal regions to emulate. Additionally, a special mention goes out to the consultants and contractors who have seamlessly integrated into the Gold Coast coastal management team. Their expertise, commitment, and collaborative spirit have been invaluable in shaping the Gold Coast's legacy as a pioneer in sustainable coastal management.

Discovering an article from the 1989 edition of Engineers Australia detailing Angus Jackson's innovative approach to combating beach erosion on the Gold Coast was like uncovering a time capsule filled with visionary predictions for coastal management. It's fascinating to reflect on the relevance of Angus Jackson's work today, as we witness the tangible outcomes of his strategies. His predictions, once hopes for a future at risk, have materialised into significant successes. The iconic nourishment techniques, dune management, multi-purpose artificial reefs, sand bypassing and comprehensive coastal preservation efforts he envisioned have not only safeguarded the Gold Coast's beaches but also served as a model for global coastal resilience. Engineers Australia Magazine 1989 As we look back, it's clear that Jackson's foresight and dedication have left an indelible mark on the field of coastal engineering in Australia and globally, offering lessons on the power of innovation and the critical importance of harmonizing human activity with nature's dynamics. This article serves as a testament to the enduring impact of visionary thinking in addressing environmental challenges, proving that proactive and innovative solutions can create a sustainable future for communities worldwide. Northern Gold Coast How it Started In the late 70's and early 80's, the Gold Coast's sparkling beaches faced a dire threat from erosion, endangering both its environmental treasure and booming tourism sector. Angus Jackson, a coastal engineer with foresight and innovation, embarked on a journey that would not only redefine coastal management on the Gold Coast but also set a global benchmark for shoreline preservation. His strategic interventions, well-documented over the decades, reveal a legacy of success, innovation, and environmental stewardship that continues to inspire. Gold Coast beaches in the late 70's [visulalightbox.com.au] Pioneering Nearshore Nourishment Facing the erosion crisis, Jackson, then supervising engineer for special projects at the Gold Coast City Council, pioneered a nearshore nourishment (sand placement) program in 1985. His approach was revolutionary: "to work with nature." This initiative aimed to replenish the beaches naturally, complementing an existing beach nourishment program that began in 1974 after a critical study by Holland’s Delft Hydraulics Laboratory. Jackson began his works with the Gold Coast City in 1976 and would lead to the confidence in this approach was palpable. He famously stated, “Either Christmas '89 is a good beach, or I'm looking for a new job,” underscoring his commitment and belief in the project's success. Nearshore Nourishment Success The foresight and effectiveness of Jackson's strategies were not merely speculative. Over the years, the success of these initiatives has been extensively documented, showcasing not just the revitalization of the Gold Coast's beaches but also marking significant progress in coastal management practices globally. Jackson's work extended beyond sand replenishment; he was instrumental in developing vegetated dunes on top of gold coast seawalls , sand management, and monitoring procedures that stand as a testament to sustainable coastal resilience. Coastal Innovations that Resonated Globally Angus' influence expanded internationally through his company International Coastal Management , where he championed the multi-purpose artificial reef approach at Narrowneck utilising geotextile sand containers . This innovative solution for coastal stabilization, over two decades later, is celebrated for its multifaceted success in environmental, recreational, and protective dimensions. "The creation of the large nearshore shoals has modified the wave climate and given immediate protection to the foreshore," Jackson observed, highlighting the project's immediate benefits. A recent study on the sediment transport around the Narrowneck Reef highlights that it is having a positive effect on stabilising the beach around the reef, improving marine habitat and providing surf amenity in the reef vicinity. Research and Education in Coastal Resilience Jackson's work through council and International Coastal Management laid the groundwork for ongoing research and education in coastal resilience. He played a pivotal role in establishing the Griffith University Centre for Coastal Management department (now called Coastal Marine and Research Centre ), aiming to preserve the accumulated knowledge and continue the advancement of coastal adaptation techniques and lessons. This initiative has made the Gold Coast a hub for cutting-edge research and a beacon for communities worldwide striving to enhance their coastal adaptability. A Future Built on Foundations of the Past Today, the Gold Coast shines as a prime example of how vision, innovation, and commitment can transform environmental challenges into success stories. Angus Jackson's legacy is not just in the sands of the Gold Coast but in the global community of coastal management, where his strategies and teachings continue to inspire action and innovation. In a world facing the urgent challenges of climate change and rising sea levels, the work initiated by Jackson and carried forward by entities like International Coastal Management and Griffith University have proven that coastal management strategies can have a multitude of benefits while providing ongoing resilience. It underscores the importance of embracing innovative solutions and fostering knowledge-sharing communities to protect our planet's precious coastal environments for future generations. The Gold Coast, once damaged by eroding coastlines, now exemplifies the power of sustainable intervention and working with nature. Marine habitat crated on Narrowneck Multi Purpose Artificial Reef The Future of Coastal Resilience With our recent win in the RE:BEACH design competition in Oceanside, California up against world leading design consultants and teams, International Coastal Management have been awarded the chance to design and implement a coastal resilience approach based on the success of the Gold Coast. The design approach includes a multi purpose artificial reef, nearshore nourishment, sand/dune management plan and sand bypassing . This could be the new blueprint for coastal adaption methods in southern California. Angus Jackson with new company director Aaron Salyer after RE:BEACH win on Gold Coast beach The full Engineers Australia 1989 Article You can read the Engineers Australia article below. Looking for Coastal Resilience and Adaptation Specialists? With decades at the leading edge of coastal resilience design and management approaches, International Coastal Management (ICM), have a dedicated and passionate team working in the coastal resilience space. From coastal management strategies to multi purpose artificial reefs, vegetated dune systems or sand nourishment programs, our team can assist with all levels from concept designs to budgeting, implementation and monitoring.

The coastline represents a dynamic and constantly evolving boundary between land and sea, shaped by natural forces such as tides, storms, and erosion. Coastal engineering plays an essential role in managing and protecting this delicate interface, where large sandy beaches can swiftly transform into vulnerable zones during adverse weather events. This specialised field applies scientific and engineering principles to stabilise shorelines, mitigate erosion, and enhance resilience against coastal hazards. If you are looking for an experienced coastal engineering company , understanding the history and importance of this discipline can provide valuable insights into the expertise required to manage our coastlines effectively. Let's dive deep into the world of coastal engineering. Table of Contents What is Coastal Engineering? What does a Coastal Engineer do? Why is Coastal Engineering Needed? A Brief History of Coastal Engineering Coastal Engineering in the Modern Era Coastal Engineering Pilot Projects Managing the Coastline: A Journey towards Coastal Resilience The Future of Coastal Engineering Coastal Engineering Solutions What is Coastal Engineering? Coastal engineering is a specialised field within civil engineering focused on managing and protecting coastal zones from natural forces and human impacts. This discipline combines scientific analysis and engineering practices to understand and address coastal dynamics, including wave behaviour, sediment transport, erosion, and sea-level changes. Coastal engineers develop solutions that enhance shoreline stability, safeguard against flooding, and support sustainable coastal use, utilising advanced modelling and design techniques to predict the effects of both natural events and engineered interventions. What does a Coastal Engineer do? At its core, coastal engineering combines principles from geology, oceanography, civil engineering, and environmental science to develop solutions for protecting and enhancing coastal environments. Coastal engineers undertake various tasks, such as: Designing and Constructing Protective Structures: Coastal engineers design and build seawalls, revetments, breakwaters, artificial reefs, and groynes to protect against erosion and rising sea levels. These structures are essential in managing coastal erosion, and exploring the advantages and disadvantages of seawalls can provide insights into their effectiveness and limitations. Developing Multi-Purpose Coastal Strategies and Structures: Coastal engineering involves creating structures that ensure safe navigation for vessels, manage sediment transport, and enhance recreational and environmental value. For instance, artificial reefs can offer both coastal protection and recreational benefits. Exploring multi-purpose artificial reefs illustrates how these structures contribute to coastal resilience. Restoring and Replenishing Beaches: Coastal engineers work to counteract erosion by replenishing beaches and restoring coastal dunes, which serve as natural barriers against waves and storm surges. Techniques like nearshore nourishment help maintain beach stability, while coastal dunes offer a sustainable, nature-based approach to coastal resilience. Managing Coastal Habitats and Biodiversity: Coastal zones support diverse ecosystems, and coastal engineers play a role in protecting these habitats. By implementing nature-based solutions, they can balance human activity with environmental preservation. For example, nature-based solutions can enhance both biodiversity and shoreline resilience. Coastal engineers also consider habitat creation when designing coastal structures, as discussed in the power of adaptation through nature-based solutions . Addressing Societal Challenges with Sustainable Solutions: Coastal engineers often address challenges related to climate change, urbanisation, and community resilience. Their work in adapting nature-based solutions to societal needs highlights how these strategies align with long-term sustainability goals while managing coastal infrastructure. Why is Coastal Engineering Needed? Coastal engineering is essential for shaping and protecting our coastal environments, tackling the complex challenges posed by erosion, rising sea levels, and expanding human development. By blending science, technology, and environmental sustainability, coastal engineers address the myriad of challenges and opportunities presented by the dynamic interface between land and sea, driving progress towards a resilient and sustainable coastal future. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise: As climate change accelerates sea-level rise and intensifies storm events, coastal engineering plays a crucial role in protecting vulnerable coastal areas. Coastal engineers design adaptable, resilient strategies to mitigate flooding risks, manage erosion, and stabilise shorelines. Techniques like beach erosion prevention solutions and coastal sandbypassing systems are examples of proactive measures that enhance shoreline resilience. Economic Importance: Coastal engineering is integral to the functioning of ports and harbors, which serve as essential hubs for international trade. By managing sediment transport, navigational requirements, and structural stability, coastal engineers ensure the efficient operation of these facilities, supporting global commerce and regional economic growth. Marina Development Marinas are vital to the tourism and recreational economy, providing safe harbors for boats and enhancing the appeal of coastal areas. Coastal engineers design and develop marinas to withstand coastal dynamics, manage sedimentation, and ensure safe navigation. Tourism and Recreation: Coastal tourism is a major economic driver, drawing millions to beaches each year. Coastal engineers are responsible for keeping beach communities appealing while also ensuring their visitors safety. They manage beach nourishment projects, the design of recreational facilities, the implementation of measures to preserve the natural beauty of coastal landscapes, and beach erosion prevention solutions all of which contribute to the growth of the tourism industry. Environmental Conservation: Coastal areas are home to ecosystems that are both diverse and fragile, both of which are essential to the survival of marine life. Coastal engineers are essential to the preservation of the natural environment because of the crucial role they play in the design of environmentally friendly coastal structures, the restoration of degraded habitats, and the development of sustainable management practices. In order to protect marine life and keep our oceans in good health, it is essential to strike a balance between the demands of development and the need to preserve ecological integrity. Public Safety and Risk Management: Coastal engineers devise methods of hazard prevention and early warning systems in order to save lives and protect property from natural disasters that can occur along coastlines, such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and storm surges. They improve community preparedness and reduce the negative effects of disasters by conducting risk assessments and vulnerability analyses, which provides input for land-use planning and emergency response strategies . Research and Knowledge Generation: Understanding coastal processes, developing new technologies, and improving engineering practices all require ongoing research and the generation of new knowledge in the field of coastal engineering. Coastal engineers contribute to the advancement of science by carrying out field studies, developing models, and publishing research findings . This process enriches the existing body of collective knowledge and encourages innovation within the sector. A Brief History of Coastal Engineering Coastal engineering can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where its roots were first established. Harbors and fortifications against the sea were famously developed by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, respectively. While Australia's early indigenous technologies included weirs and dams for manipulating the coastal zone for aquaculture. Coastal Engineering in the Modern Era The Dutch Influence The Dutch have been at the forefront of modern coastal engineering for centuries. This is due to the fact that a sizeable portion of the Netherlands is located at or below sea level. The development of novel coastal defences is absolutely essential to the survival of the country. Their ingenious systems of dikes, dams, and storm surge barriers, such as the world-famous Delta Works, have set global standards for the prevention of flooding and the management of water resources. In addition, the Dutch method of coastal engineering is not solely focused on preventing water from entering the land; rather, it emphasizes finding ways to coexist with water. This harmonious coexistence with water is demonstrated by ideas such as "Room for the River," which make it possible for certain areas to flood without risk, as well as by the construction of floating homes. This comprehensive and forward-thinking approach has not only helped to preserve the Dutch landscape, but it has also inspired coastal management strategies all over the world. These strategies place an emphasis on adaptability, sustainability, and a profound respect for the natural environment. The United States Army Corps of Engineers Influence As we move into to the modern era, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) becomes an increasingly important player. The USACE was established in 1802, and its initial focus was on military fortifications and navigational routes. On the other hand, as the United States grew and became more industrialised, the role of the Corps of Engineers in coastal engineering became more prominent. They were in charge of a number of projects, some of which included the construction of lighthouses, jetties, and extensive beach nourishment. Their research, innovations, and in-depth studies of coastal areas have shaped a significant portion of the best practices that are currently used in the field. The Gold Coast Influence Since the 1970's, the Gold Coast has become a living laboratory for modern coastal engineering, and a place where pioneering projects have been tested and monitored. The region's proactive approach to coastal management has led to the development and refinement of techniques that have had a significant impact on coastal engineering practices around the world. These techniques have also had an impact on the development of new techniques. The Gold Coast has established new standards for environmentally responsible beach nourishment, coastal protection structures, and habitat restoration thanks to a number of innovative projects. Lessons in resiliency, adaptability, and harmony with nature can be learned through continuous observation and study of this living coastal lab, which has yielded priceless insights into the dynamic interactions between various coastal elements. International Coastal Management is proud to be a pioneering player in the Gold Coast's history of modern coastal engineering. Initiating projects like the sand bypassing system , nearshore nourishment , artificial reefs , and developing seawalls with vegetated dunes, ICM continues to play a role in the Gold Coast's coastal management strategy. Dubai's Influence The word "innovative" has come to be synonymous with coastal engineering in Dubai, which pushes the limits of what is conceivable and achievable. The iconic projects that the emirate has undertaken in the past, such as the Palm Jumeirah and The World Islands, have brought about a revolution in coastal development and demonstrated the potential to form new landforms in marine environments. These man-made archipelagos, built with meticulously placed sand and rock, are not only marvels of engineering but also testaments to human ingenuity and ambition. The construction of these archipelagos required a great deal of planning and precision. The efforts that Dubai has put forth have prompted advancements in dredging and land reclamation technologies, which have made it possible for seascapes to be transformed into areas that are habitable, functional, and luxurious. However, these monumental projects have also sparked discussions and reflections on environmental sustainability, ecological impact, and long-term viability, prompting coastal engineers and environmentalists to seek balanced solutions that harmonize development desires with ecological prudence. International Coastal Management has been involved in a variety of Dubai's coastal projects over the last couple of decades. From the World Islands to multiple private island developments and coastal structures, with expansion of projects across the UAE and many of the Middle Eastern countries including Bahrain and Qatar. Coastal Engineering Pilot Projects Theories and designs alone can only get us so far in any field of science or engineering. Any coastal engineering project will really be put to the test when it is used in real life. Because of this, pilot projects become an essential strategy. Coastal engineers can keep an eye on results, collect data, and improve their methods by using smaller-scale experiments. The history of man-made reefs is a great example of this. In the past, man-made reefs were mostly made of concrete, old tires, or even ships that had been taken out of service. But in order to find better solutions that are better for the environment and work better, people tried using different materials. The Narrowneck Reef in Australia is a great example of this new way of doing things. The reef was made with geotextile sand containers instead of known building materials. The reef material and construction were specifically designed for the project, forcing development in the field. It was meant to protect the coast and provide a place for recreation. The Narrowneck Reef's success not only taught us a lot about how to use different kinds of materials, but it also showed how coastal protection and better recreation can go hand in hand. Furthermore, the realm of beach nourishment has seen significant advancements, thanks to pioneering work by experts like Angus Jackson . Traditional beach nourishment involved depositing sand from offshore sources directly onto eroding beaches. Jackson's innovative method, termed nearshore nourishment , shifted the deposition zone to the nearshore area. This method, developed on the Gold Coast, allows natural wave processes to distribute the sand, offering a more sustainable and effective approach to beach replenishment. Such pilot projects and their subsequent monitoring have enriched the field of coastal engineering. They've provided invaluable insights, refined methodologies, and underscored the importance of adaptability in the face of dynamic coastal challenges. Managing the Coastline: A Journey towards Coastal Resilience Taking care of the coastline is like taking care of a living thing. It takes constant work, the ability to adapt, and a deep understanding of how natural processes and human actions affect each other. When carefully planned and put into action, coastal management strategies can make coastal areas much more resilient, allowing them to thrive even as environmental problems get worse. The Gold Coast in Australia is a great example of how good coastal management can change things. Over the years, many different plans have been used to deal with problems like beach erosion, storm damage, and rising sea levels. Building groynes, coming up with new ways to nourish beaches, and creating man-made reefs like the Narrowneck Reef have all been very important in making the Gold Coast stronger and more resilient. By keeping a careful balance between environmental, recreational, and protective goals, the Gold Coast is a shining example for other coastal areas that want to make their coastlines more adaptive and long-lasting. The Future of Coastal Engineering As we venture into the heart of the 21st century, coastal engineering stands at the crossroads of innovation and adaptation. Here's a glimpse into the future: 1. Embracing Green Engineering: "Soft" solutions will be used more and more along with traditional "hard" solutions like sea walls and breakwaters. Using natural materials and ecosystems, like mangroves and oyster reefs, to make living shorelines that protect the coast and increase biodiversity is part of this. Encouraging Nature Based Solutions , like the Noosa River Oyster Reef Project is something that ICM integrate into our design approach. 2. Innovative Technology: Engineers will be able to more accurately predict how the coast will change thanks to improvements in technology, AI, and modeling tools. Drones and pictures taken by satellites will also help keep an eye on and manage coastal areas. At ICM we have been using drones (both aerial and hydrographic) over the years to improve our on-site data recording ablitites. While for desktop studies, the improvement in 'citizen science' technologies like the "Coast Snap" app are providing useful data that can feed into our designs. 3. Sustainable Urban Planning With a significant portion of the world's population living near coasts, there's an impending need for sustainable coastal urbanization. This involves creating resilient infrastructure that can withstand extreme events and sea-level rise. At ICM we always involved in adaptive and resilient coastal projects, though see the need for greater reliance as we head into the near future. 4. Collaborative Efforts As coastal challenges become increasingly global, international collaboration will be paramount. Sharing knowledge, technology, and best practices will drive global resilience. The development of "Knowledge Hubs" such as the Gold Coast's own developed by Griffith Coastal Management Department is critical. 5. Education and Advocacy: Coastal engineers will play a vital role in educating policymakers, stakeholders, and the general public about the importance of sustainable coastal management. This will ensure informed decision-making and greater community involvement. Coastal Engineering Solutions Coastal engineering, deeply rooted in its rich history, is evolving rapidly to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow. If you're in search of a coastal engineering firm that not only understands the legacy of the past but also has its eyes set on the future, International Coastal Management is your ideal partner. Join us as we shape the future of our coastlines, ensuring they remain vibrant, safe, and resilient for generations to come.

On the Gold Coast, coastal dunes play a vital role in building natural defences against erosion and storms, creating a dynamic landscape where urban development and natural beauty coexist. These sand dunes not only enhance the region’s coastal resilience but also provide essential protection for the shoreline. International Coastal Management (ICM) has been a leader in implementing nature-based solutions that restore and strengthen coastal dunes, ensuring a sustainable balance between development and the coastal environment. Read on to learn all about sand dunes, how they are formed, and their role in resilience. Table of Contents: What Are Coastal Dunes? How Are Coastal Dunes Formed on a Coast? How do Sand Dunes Prevent Coastal Erosion? The Role of Gold Coast Sand Dunes in Coastal Management and Resilience The Gold Coast - A Model for Coastal Sand Dune Management Urban Dunes in Coastal City Planning Using Sand Dunes for Coastal Resilience Sand Dune Restoration How does Dune Fencing Help the Development of Sand Dunes? Want to Develop Coastal Resilience Strategies for your Coastline or Property? What Are Coastal Dunes? Coastal dunes are naturally occurring formations along the shoreline, consisting of windblown sand that accumulates to create protective barriers. Dunes are essential for maintaining coastal resilience by acting as a buffer between the land and sea. They can help absorb the energy of storms, reduce coastal erosion , and protect inland areas from flooding - but they're not a standalone solution. Why Are Sand Dunes Important? They are vital to sand management because they offer long-term benefits for protecting the shoreline. Their ability to absorb the impact of storms and high tides means that they can help reduce the frequency and severity of beach erosion , preserving the coastline and protecting communities. Well-maintained dunes also build biodiversity by providing habitats for plants and animals. How Are Coastal Dunes Formed on a Coast? Coastal sand dunes form when waves move sand onto the beach, and strong winds ( above 15-20 knots ) blow the sand further inland. This process, known as aeolian transport , deposits sand onto dunes. As the dunes grow, vegetation helps trap the sand, stabilising the dunes and preventing further inland movement. The primary dunes protect the coast, while secondary dunes, located further inland, develop with more mature vegetation and are less affected by erosion. While dunes act as natural barriers, they are not standalone solutions to coastal erosion. Their stability and effectiveness depend on the broader dynamics of the coastal system. Successful dune management must also consider the Top of Beach (dunes and vegetation), Bottom of Beach (nearshore stability), and Sediment Supply (sand movement and sources). Adding dunes alone may not suffice if other critical factors are overlooked. How do Sand Dunes Prevent Coastal Erosion? The natural exchange of sand between the sea and the dunes dictates the health of our coastlines. Mild conditions nourish the beach, while storms may carve away at the landscape, pushing sand offshore, creating protective sandbars. Dunes and their vegetation help mitigate this erosion, absorbing wave energy and trapping windblown sand to maintain the delicate balance of the coastal system. However, dunes are only part of the solution. Building sand dunes and vegetation without addressing underlying issues, such as disrupted sediment supply or unstable nearshore zones, can result in limited effectiveness. Our Coastal Resilience Framework, developed over decades of coastal engineering in Australia and globally, emphasises assessing the Top of Beach , Bottom of Beach , and Sediment Supply to develop comprehensive, sustainable coastal solutions that ensure dunes remain functional and effective over the long term. The Gold Coast: A Model for Sand Dune Management In the 1960s, the erosion crisis on the Gold Coast stripped dunes of vegetation, leaving coastal properties exposed and vulnerable. In response, our founder, Angus Jackson , working at the council at the time, introduced a t ransformative approach to sand dune management. By integrating beach nourishment, dune stabilisation, fencing, and vegetation planting, Jackson established a framework that has become synonymous with effective coastal management. This innovative strategy turned the Gold Coast into an internationally recognised model for coastal sand dune management, showcasing the power of natural defences in protecting urban beaches. Gold Coast Dunes - Before & After Key Innovations in Dune Management on the Gold Coast Angus Jackson's contributions during his time as Gold Coast's Director of Beaches and Waterways, included significant advances in policy and practical implementation. His efforts included: Extensive fencing and aerial fertilising trials to stabilise nourished dunes in non-urban areas. Policies for seawall construction and dune management in urban areas. Provisions that all excess sand excavated within 500m of the seawall line was to be placed on the beach and stabilised (previously sold for construction purposes). These measures set the foundation for the Gold Coast’s enduring coastal resilience. The Gold Coast Coastal Planning Policies The policies introduced in the 1980s and expanded in 1990 became foundational for coastal resilience on the Gold Coast: Policy 7 : Foreshore Rock Wall Design and Construction defined seawall construction standards and requirements for dune stabilisation. Policy 15 : Management of Coastal Dune Areas focused on preserving and enhancing dune systems for environmental, visual, and public access benefits. This policy outlined the following key principles for dune management: Stabilising dunes to minimise impacts of cyclonic winds on the natural and built environment adjacent to the active frontal dune area. Preventing sand losses from wind erosion. Establishing a sustainable habitat and wildlife corridors. Reinforcing the visual amenity with appropriate vegetation and public education. Facilitating safe public access through public land within dunal areas by defining access ways and public areas that can be maintained to a high standard with minimal impact on natural systems. Considering the privacy requirements of beachfront residents. Results and Long-Term Impact These policies were very effective and resulted in not only construction of an almost continuous terminal seawall but also facilitated the importation of over 1.5 million cubic metres of sand to form a substantial dune buffer. These measures transformed the Gold Coast into a resilient and visually stunning coastline, proving that thoughtful dune management can simultaneously protect properties, preserve ecosystems, and enhance public enjoyment. The Gold Coast Now: Seawalls + Dunes The Gold Coast’s policies have set a benchmark for coastal development. A central aspect of these policies is the requirement for new beachfront developments and private properties to rebuild existing seawalls if they are not up to standard or have degraded. These seawalls must meet Council’s strict design standards and align with the adopted foreshore seawall line, which follows the long-term primary dune alignment. By ensuring that seawalls are complemented with well-maintained dune systems, these policies enhance the stability of the foreshore, reinforce the natural protection offered by dunes, and preserve the visual and ecological value of the coastline. This holistic approach highlights the interconnected nature of seawalls, dune ecosystems, and sediment management in achieving long-term coastal resilience. ICM specialises in designing and constructing seawalls, dune stabilisation and vegetation plans that meet Gold Coast City Council standards. With decades of experience, we provide tailored solutions, ensuring seamless navigation through regulatory approvals to protect your beachfront investment while enhancing resilience. Urban Dunes and Coastal Resilience Coastal dunes are not just natural defenses; they are dynamic systems that can adapt to sea-level rise and evolving coastal conditions. On the Gold Coast, we've demonstrated how dunes can coexist with urban landscapes, blending erosion protection with enhanced livability. Looking ahead, urban dunes will play a pivotal role in climate change adaptation, offering a flexible buffer against rising seas and storm surges while buying critical time for emergency response. These strategies provide a blueprint for building resilient coastal cities worldwide, ensuring that natural defences work in harmony with urban development. Sand Dune Restoration Dunes are naturally dynamic systems, continually shifting and evolving in response to wave energy, storms and wind. The goal is to enhance resilience by reducing severity of erosion and introducing systems that help dunes rebuild and adapt over time.  There is no one-size-fits-all solution, each coastline requires a tailored approach, guided by engineering expertise to identify the most effective strategies. At ICM, we specialise in developing dune systems that protect coastlines while working with natural processes. Here are some potential solutions: The Top of the Beach: The dry beach area, where dunes, natural or engineered, retain sand and stabilise the coastline. Depending on the location, different solutions such as geotextile sand containers , coir logs, and dune fencing can enhance sand retention and protect fragile ecosystems. Dunes can also be developed to bury terminal seawalls. The Bottom of The Beach: Below the low-tide active zone, Nearshore Nourishment and Multi Purpose Artificial Reefs are two solutions that can dissipate wave energy and reduce storm impacts dependent on the site. These measures can reduce erosion effects on dune systems while maintaining natural coastal dynamics. Sediment Supply: Sustainable sediment supply is crucial for long-term success. Options such as sand bypassing systems, backpassing, and reusing locally sourced materials can help dunes remain robust and resilient over time. Our expertise, honed over decades on the Gold Coast, showcases how engineering solutions can work with nature, creating thriving, resilient coastlines that stand as global models for sustainable coastal management. How does Dune Fencing Help the Development of Sand Dunes? Dune fencing is a simple yet effective method to protect and restore coastal dunes. These fences are strategically placed to trap windblown sand, helping to build and stabilise dunes naturally. By reducing foot traffic they protect fragile vegetation that anchors the dunes, and when combined with other restoration efforts, dune fencing supports long-term coastal resilience and enhances ecosystem health. Why Can’t You Walk on Sand Dunes? Although coastal sand dunes may appear resilient, walking on them can severely damage the delicate vegetation that stabilises the sand. Without this vegetation, the dunes become vulnerable to wind erosion, and the sand can be lost inland or carried away by storms. This is why it’s essential to avoid walking on dunes and to use designated pathways to protect these vital coastal formations. Want to Develop Coastal Resilience Strategies for your Coastline or Property? Schedule a free 15-minute consultation with one of our experts. We’ll discuss your needs and explore how ICM can provide tailored solutions for your project.​​​ Acknowledgments We extend our gratitude to the City of Gold Coast and all those who have contributed to shaping its shores - from past councils to consultants and contractors - who have played a pivotal role in maintaining and protecting the coastline through innovative coastal sand dune management.

ICM worked with the Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action (DEECA) to develop a high-priority hybrid salt marsh restoration design for the Corinella foreshore, addressing erosion risks and enhancing coastal resilience. This innovative nature-based solution (NBS) balances ecological restoration with shoreline protection in response to climate change and sea-level rise.  Project Details Client:  Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Action (DEECA)  Date:  2024  Location:  Corinella Foreshore, Western Port Bay, Victoria, Australia  About This Project The Challenge  The Corinella foreshore faced escalating erosion risks and habitat degradation due to rising sea levels and increased coastal pressures. A previous site evaluation ranked Corinella as a prime candidate for a nature-based restoration trial, but significant knowledge gaps remained regarding site suitability and specific design requirements.  The Solution  ICM conducted comprehensive site investigations to assess and validate the feasibility of a hybrid saltmarsh nature-based method. Key actions included:  Site Analysis:  Conducted foreshore and intertidal surveys, geotechnical sediment sampling, and flora/fauna studies.  Hydrological and Stormwater Assessments:  Analysed stormwater catchment, outfall quality, and tidal conditions to determine restoration viability.  Design Recommendations:  Proposed a hybrid supported saltmarsh restoration design, including fill material placement to adjust bed levels, rock sills to stabilise the shoreline, and saltmarsh planting with native species.  Priority Zones:  Identified high-priority restoration areas with the greatest ecological and coastal protection potential.  The final design integrates stormwater systems and supports biodiversity while enhancing the site’s resilience to erosion and climate impacts.  “The Corinella saltmarsh project demonstrates how nature-based solutions can address coastal challenges while fostering ecological renewal and community benefits.” – Sam King, Project Lead, International Coastal Management  Services Provided Site Investigation and Suitability Analysis  Geotechnical and Ecological Surveys  Concept and Detailed Design of Hybrid Saltmarsh Restoration  High-Level Hydrological and Coastal Processes Assessment  Recommendations for Nature-Based Interventions  Get in Touch ICM is at the forefront of designing and implementing nature-based solutions that balance ecological restoration with resilient coastal protection. Contact us to learn how we can help transform your coastline sustainably.

To protect beach amenity value, the prevention of coastal erosion is critical. With factors like climate change and sea level rise there's never been more need for well designed measures against coastal erosion. Seawalls are a great example of one solution. But is a seawall suitable for your site/project? This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of seawalls and how to determine suitability for you site. What is a seawall? A seawall is a manmade barrier constructed where the land meets the sea. Their main purposes are: To prevent land loss through the coastal erosion process To hold the land in position, creating a permanent/fixed border in the case of marine infrastructure, like marinas or harbours. There are many different types of seawall (both in design and material makeup), that perform differently under various exposed conditions. And there is not necessarily one ‘best’ kind of seawall, as each site has its own unique requirements and interacts with the dynamic coastal environment in their own way. In most cases, seawalls are exposed to the natural conditions and can therefore be seen. This can disrupt the aesthetic of a location. However, without the seawall, the natural conditions may be subject to serious erosional damage and land loss. This may be due to natural causes, such as high wave conditions, or man-made changes, such as disruption to the coastline/the natural sand and water flow which can create erosion ‘hotspots’ that need coastal erosion solutions . Types of Seawalls While the advantages and disadvantages of seawalls can vary depending on the design, several factors influence which type is best suited for your site. These factors include: Cost Visual aesthetic Sit location in the coastal zone Functionality and usability Impact on the site/environment These factors should be taken into consideration when choosing the right type of seawall for the site to deter from unwanted disadvantages of seawalls. The most common types of seawall include: Sloped Sewall Stepped Seawall Vertical Sewall Curved Sewall Stacked or Module Seawall There are also combinations of the above mentioned. And, each of these different types of seawalls can be made of different types of material (discussed in the following sections). Emergency or Temporary Seawalls In many coastal locations around the globe the beaches are considered government or state land. Typically, in these instances, government approvals are required before there can be any construction of seawall structures (especially if they are going to directly touch/impact the beach). In some cases, where there is a direct threat to property or infrastructure, an emergency or temporary seawall may be installed/constructed without going through the typical approval process. Note that regulations can very significantly between states and local governments, so it is always best to check on which approvals are required (as some locations implement what is called 'managed retreat' whereby you may not be able to build any kind of seawall, temporary or not). Emergency or temporary seawalls can be built quickly and are often made using material that is easy to remove if/when it is necessary. These include materials like geotextile sand containers and other emergency flood protection filling modules. Advantages and Disadvantages of Seawalls for Emergency Works Like all coastal erosion protection structures there are advantages and disadvantages, with the emergency or temporary works there are a few things to consider. Advantages: Typically, works can be performed quickly bypassing the lengthy approval process required for some other types of seawalls Generally, as the emergency or temporary works are not designed for longevity, they can be built cheaper (depending on the materials used/site conditions) that traditionally, long-term, exposed seawalls In many cases, the emergency works could be removed if necessary. Disadvantages: Quick installation of emergency works may not be the best long-term solution and therefore, the temp works may need to be removed at some point for better long term solutions Quick, cheap solutions may not have the best aesthetic to match the site Exposed Seawalls This is the most common type of seawall. These seawalls are designed to be permanently exposed to the ocean and wave environment. Seawalls interact with the coastal processes of a sandy beach in terms of onshore/offshore sand transport and local longshore sand transport when present in the active zone. Numerous papers evaluate the influence of seawalls based on their location in the active prism and the long-term beach stability – accreting, stable, nourished, or eroding [2]. Nevertheless, a popular and too simplistic idea prevails that seawalls cause coastal erosion and destroy beaches. Consequently, seawalls are often disregarded during option evaluations. An exposed seawall in the surf zone under wave attack would result in reflection and scour in front of the wall and/or accelerated erosion along the seawall, despite eroded volumes being 60 percent of what they would be without the seawall [1]. Refer to ICM’s Coastal Conference Paper on Terminal Seawalls for more info. Advantages and Disadvantages of Seawalls that are Exposed Advantages The biggest and most obvious advantage of exposed seawalls is that they mitigate wave energy from hitting the landmass Exposed seawalls can be used to reshape natural or man-made coastal areas by creating a solid edge/definitive line In most cases, seawalls are used to prevent land loss behind the wall, thereby preserving property or infrastructure Disadvantages Seawalls by design stop/reduce wave energy from passing through or over the wall. This wave energy therefore is either reflected or redistributed somewhere else. Often, part of the wave energy is reflected back to the sea which can create an erosion hotspot at the base of the seawall itself (referred to as scour). Through proper coastal engineering design, scour can be accounted for and therefore built into the seawall design to reduce the scour effect If seawalls are built out of the natural beach alignment the can act as a kind of groyne and disrupt the longshore sand transport to beaches/properties on the leeward side of the wall Exposed seawalls look man-made (as they are) and can therefore take away from the natural beauty of a site (atheistic interruption) It should be noted that proper designed seawalls by experienced coastal engineers can improve site protection and mitigate negative impacts. Get in touch today to speak with real coastal engineering experts in the field of rock wall design . Terminal Seawalls Seawalls that are situated as far inland as possible from "normal" beach changes are termed terminal seawalls. These structures are only active during severe erosion events and remain buried under normal circumstances. A terminal wall, which is often buried within the dune buffer zone, limits erosion during severe events and serves as a clear planning boundary between the active beach and permitted development. Due to the fact that these occurrences may only occur for brief periods a few times per hundred years, the potential for negative impacts on the beach is equally brief. Advantages and Disadvantages of Terminal Seawalls Advantages One of the greatest advantages of terminal seawalls over exposed seawalls is there low visual impact As the seawall only becomes exposed during an extreme event, the storm demand is sourced from almost the entire upper beach profile and not just scour at the base of the seawall. The waves are generally depth limited and of smaller magnitude, resulting in a smaller structure with lower design requirements, less toe scour, and less overtopping Disadvantages Terminal seawalls only come into effect during extreme events when the rest of the beach profile has become eroded and are therefore a ‘last line of defences’ approach Think a terminal seawall may be suitable for your site? Revetment walls Revetment walls are essentially 'small' seawalls that are designed to absorb wave energy and reduce erosion. They can be sloped, stepped, or vertical walls made from durable materials such as rock, concrete, or geotextile containers (for emergency works). By dispersing the force of water, revetments protect canals, riverbanks, and infrastructure from damage during high tides, storms and floods. ​​ ​ How they work: Retain and protect land from erosion Absorb wave energy to prevent structural damage Serve as critical infrastructure for coastal and water-front properties Materials used for seawalls As mentioned previously, there are a wide range of materials used for seawalls. Each will have their own advantages and disadvantages depending on the site. Hard engineering design often refers to materials in seawalls such as: Rock Concrete Steel Gabions (rock baskets) Wood Composite Materials There are also ‘softer’ approaches using technologies such as: Sand filled geotextile containers Self-standing sand filled modules Green solutions are considered dune vegetation or landscaping. While this would not be considered a stand-alone seawall solution, it is often incorporated into the design process to reduce the visual impact and add a more ‘natural’ look to the site on completion. How Effective are Seawalls? Seawall effectiveness comes down to design and installation execution and can vary significantly (depending on how well the design is done). Seawalls can be very effective at protecting landmass from wave impact/erosion. In most cases it is not a question of the seawalls effectiveness of protecting the immediate site, however, how the seawall interacts with the surrounding coastal environment and adjacent sites is often the area of concern. When designing and installing seawalls, careful consideration should be taken into the long-term effects of the wall on the surrounding area. In conjunction with other coastal protection measures like beach nourishment, seawalls can be very effective in maintain both stable beaches and secure property lines. Do Seawalls Stop Tsunamis? Seawalls can be designed for a wide range of impact possibilities and wave conditions. From small waves (boat wake and wash), to large wave events such as Tsunamis and significant storm surge events. Experienced coastal engineers can determine which wave conditions need to be considered when designing seawalls at a site and can accommodate this into the design process. Designing and building seawalls to stop Tsunamis would require for instance, larger/heavier rock or modules with thicker overall width and higher design crests. Do Seawalls Erode Beaches? As discussed, there is a misconception that seawalls only erode beaches. One of the disadvantages of seawalls (if not designed properly) is that they can have negative effect on the immediate beach, through wave reflection and scour. They can also have negative effects on the surrounding beaches and adjacent properties. If designed properly inconjunction with a hollistic approach to coastal protection, they can be very effective. Therefore, it is critical to engage with experienced coastal engineers when considering seawalls as a solution for your site. Are Seawalls Sustainable? Sustainability in design can consider a few different elements: The materials used The impact on the site (and surrounding sites) Sustainability relative to the materials themselves will vary greatly depending on the material source relative the proposed site. For example, quarried rock is often used is seawall design and construction. In areas with accessibility to quarried rock (assuming the quarries themselves are operated in a sustainable way, which may relate to things like volume of rock available vs. time impact on the environment, etc.) the rock may be a viable choice with relatively low transport costs associated. In areas where no quarried rock is available, there may be options to ship in rock or use locally available material such as coral rock, or sand (into containers). In summary, there is no clear-cut answer to sustainability in seawalls as each site and design will vary significantly. It should be noted that sustainability in design is something that needs to be considered for a holistic approach. Are seawalls expensive? The cost of a seawall at different sites can vary significantly. Factor effecting cost include: The design itself Some sites will require larger seawalls to protect against high power wave/storm conditions Some sites will require smaller walls The material Depending on which material type is used it will determine the constructability and associated costs, transport to site costs, etc. In all coastal erosion protection design there are few different costs to consider: Capital cost The upfront cost to design and build the structure The maintenance cost Any ongoing maintenance that may be required In general, higher capital cost require lower ongoing maintenance. Whereas lower capital cost may require more ongoing/higher maintenance costs. Are seawalls affordable to maintain? As mentioned above, the maintenance cost of seawalls will depend heavily on the type of design and material used. For example, at a remote site where no quarried rock is available, coral rock may be used which would be a lower capital cost than importing quarried rock. However, over time, the coral rock will not likely hold up in storm conditions as long as quarry rock. Therefore, the coral rock seawall may need to be maintained with additional coral rock or completely replaced. These kinds of capital vs. long term costs will need to be considered when deciding on seawall material and design. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Seawalls? In summary, there are plenty of advantages and disadvantaged of seawalls. For the most part, seawalls are a very effective way of maintaining a structural line for land and property protection. The main disadvantages of seawalls are that they can create localised erosion. This can be at the base of the seawall itself or at adjacent properties. If designed properly in conjunction with a hollisitc approrach to site resilience building, seawalls can be very effective. Looking at implementing a seawall to your property? Be sure to consult with an industry professional (experienced coastal engineer). Or if you're looking for seawall alternatives, consider a variety of coastal resilient measures like Multi Purpose Artificial Reefs in conjunction with nearshore nourishment . Contact us today for consultation to determine which seawall is right for you. Read more about artificial reefs or sand bypassing systems as a coastal erosion solution. References: [1] Barnett, M.R., "Laboratory Study of the Effects of a Vertical Seawall on Beach Profile Response," UFL/COEL-87/005, University of Florida, Coastal & Oceanographic Engineering Department, Gainesville, FL, May, 1987. [2] Dean, R. G. and Dalrymple, R. A. (2004). Coastal Processes and Engineering Applications. Cambridge University Press. pp. 404-406

Artificial reefs are an innovative solution to the growing global challenge of coastal erosion, which threatens beaches, infrastructure, and ecosystems. While traditional approaches like seawalls and groynes provide some relief, they often disrupt natural processes. Artificial reefs are man-made structures designed to work with nature to protect coastlines, support marine life, and enhance recreational opportunities. Learn how artificial reefs can prevent erosion, their design process, and the transformative benefits they bring to our coastlines. What Are Artificial Reefs & How Do They Work? Artificial reefs are engineered structures placed on the seabed to replicate the functions of natural coral reefs. Unlike traditional "hard" engineering solutions, they work with natural processes to create sustainable outcomes. The benefits of artificial reefs include: Reduce Coastal Erosion : Acting as wave breakers, artificial reefs can dissipate wave energy before it reaches the shore, minimising the risk of erosion. Create Marine Habitats : These structures provide surfaces for marine organisms to attach and grow, create a fish habitat, and build biodiversity. Support Recreation : Artificial reefs can enhance surfing, snorkelling, and diving opportunities, making them valuable for tourism and local economies. The Evolution of Multipurpose Artificial Reefs The development of Multipurpose Artificial Reefs (MPARs) was inspired by the growing need to address two critical challenges: beach erosion and the degradation of marine ecosystems. Historically, coastal protection relied heavily on hard engineering solutions such as seawalls , breakwaters, and groynes. While these structures proved effective, they often detracted from the natural beauty of the coastline and offered limited ecological benefits. Multipurpose artificial reefs emerged as a response to these shortcomings, representing a paradigm shift in coastal management. Unlike traditional approaches, these reefs were designed to work with nature , rather than against it. They served as a dual-purpose solution, offering a coastal defence system while simultaneously encouraging marine ecosystems and recreational opportunities. A Case Study: The Gold Coast Multipurpose Artificial Reef The Gold Coast, with its iconic beaches and thriving tourism sector, has long been at the forefront of Australia’s coastal management efforts. However, this region has faced significant challenges due to coastal erosion , which threatened infrastructure, recreational spaces, and natural habitats. Traditional solutions like seawalls and groynes provided temporary relief, but sometimes at the expense of the natural dynamics of the coastline and visual amenity. As the understanding of coastal processes evolved, so did the realisation that a more integrated and sustainable approach was necessary to address the multifaceted challenges of coastal erosion and community needs. The Gold Coast Northern Beaches Protection Strategy To address these challenges, the Gold Coast launched the Northern Beaches Protection Strategy in the late 1990s. This comprehensive plan aimed to address erosion while preserving the natural beauty and functionality of the coastline. A key component of the strategy was the recognition that the protection of the coastline could not rely solely on traditional methods. Instead, it required a holistic approach that included nearshore nourishment , dune vegetation enhancement, and innovative solutions like the construction of multipurpose artificial reefs. The Role of Narrowneck Artificial Reef One of the flagship projects of the Northern Beaches Protection Strategy was the Narrowneck Artificial Reef , a pioneering example of how multipurpose artificial reefs can address erosion and enhance coastal environments. The reef was designed not only to stabilise the shoreline by reducing wave energy and encouraging sediment accumulation but also to enhance marine biodiversity and provide recreational opportunities, particularly for surfing. The artificial reef construction was based on a detailed understanding of coastal processes and the need for structures that could work in harmony with the natural dynamics of the coastline. This approach recognised that effective coastal protection requires flexibility and adaptability to changing conditions and that enhancing the ecological and recreational value of the coastline can be complementary goals. Comprehensive Coastal Management The implementation of the Narrowneck Artificial Reef was part of a broader set of interventions under the Northern Beaches Protection Strategy, which also included beach nourishment and coastal dunes vegetation enhancement. These measures worked in tandem to create a "healthy beach profile" and a "living shoreline", addressing both the immediate concerns of erosion and the long-term sustainability of the coastal environment. Sand nourishment replenished the beaches, providing immediate relief from erosion, while dune vegetation played a crucial role in stabilising the newly placed sand and enhancing the ecological value of the dunes. Together with the artificial reef, these measures exemplified a new paradigm in coastal management, where the protection of the coastline is achieved through the enhancement of its natural and recreational assets. How Multipurpose Artificial Reefs Balance Coastal Protection, the Environment & Recreation Designing Multipurpose Artificial Reefs is a careful balancing act, requiring equal attention to coastal defence, marine ecosystem support, and recreational opportunities. One of the key challenges is engineering a structure that can simultaneously dissipate wave energy to protect shorelines while also creating surfable waves and supporting marine biodiversity. The Narrowneck Artificial Reef project, led by ICM, is a prime example of this. A Multifunctional Attraction To create the artificial reef itself, mega geotextile sand containers were used, which became an attraction in itself, drawing surfers to its engineered breaks (under the right conditions). Below the waves, the reef reshapes the seabed morphology, trapping sand on its downdrift side and creating a varied underwater landscape. This creates a dynamic surf condition that extends well beyond the reef itself. Enhancing Marine Biodiversity Beyond protection and recreation, multipurpose artificial reefs play a crucial role in enhancing marine biodiversity. By mimicking natural reef structures, these provide new habitats for a variety of marine species. The design process involves selecting materials and shapes that encourage the colonisation of marine flora and fauna, turning these structures into thriving underwater ecosystems. The Narrowneck Reef, for instance, has seen a rapid development of a diverse marine ecosystem, demonstrating the ecological success of this artificial reef. Environmental assessments use quantitative methods to evaluate changes in habitat area, species diversity indices, and potential for biomass accumulation on the reef structure. Observations by the National Marine Science Centre indicate that “the biological communities associated with Narrowneck Artificial Reef appear to enhance biodiversity and productivity at a local scale and may also contribute to overall regional productivity.”  Artificial Reef Design Designing artificial reefs, especially Multipurpose Artificial Reefs, is a highly specialised process that involves navigating complex hydrodynamic, geological, and environmental variables. A successful design balances coastal protection, ecological enhancement, and recreational benefits while ensuring safety for all users. Here’s a guide to the key considerations and methodologies involved in creating these innovative structures. Understanding Site-Specific Variables The foundation of artificial reef design lies in a comprehensive understanding of the site’s unique characteristics. These include: Wave Climate : Analysing wave height, period, direction, and energy flux to predict how waves will interact with the reef. Sediment Dynamics: Assessing how sand moves alongshore and cross-shore to ensure the reef enhances sediment deposition without unintended consequences. Ecological Considerations : Evaluating the existing marine habitat to ensure the reef complements local biodiversity and supports new ecosystems. Utilising advanced numerical modelling and physical models, coastal engineers can predict how the reef will interact with natural processes. These tools help refine parameters to ensure the structure’s stability, effectiveness, and safety. Defining Purpose and Functionality The primary purpose of the artificial reef dictates its design. Whether the goal is coastal protection, surf enhancement, or a combination of both, specific design parameters such as location, orientation, and dimensions must align with the desired functionality. For surf enhancement: Wave transformation models can be used to calculate the refractive effects of the reef on incoming waves, using parameters such as wave height, period, and direction. For coastal protection: Designs utilise sediment transport models to estimate the reef's impact on longshore and cross-shore sediment movement, requiring inputs like current velocities, wave energy flux, and grain size distribution of the seabed material. Selecting the Right Artificial Reef Materials Considering what are artificial reefs made of i s a critical component of the design process, influencing both the reef’s durability and its ecological impact. The materials must be able to withstand marine conditions while encouraging marine life colonisation. Thoughtful material selection ensures that the reef is both functional and environmentally responsible, promoting its long-term success as a coastal and ecological asset. Considering User Safety User safety is a critical component of artificial reef design. Detailed safety assessments are conducted to minimise risks to swimmers, surfers, and divers. Safety Factors: Safety assessments involve the calculation of wave breaking intensity, water depth above the reef, and velocity fields around the structure. Safety Design Criteria: This might include setting maximum velocities (e.g., < 0.5 m/s for swimmer safety) and minimum water depths over the reef crest during low tide to prevent injuries. Conducting Risk Assessments Risk assessments play a vital role in identifying potential hazards and planning mitigation strategies. This process involves statistical analysis of wave climate data to identify extreme conditions and simulations for estimating injury risks based on user density, activity types, and environmental conditions. Optimising Design Parameters The specific design elements of the reef, including its crest width, slope, and roughness , directly affect wave-breaking characteristics, sediment deposition, and ecological performance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models can simulate flow over the reef, providing detailed information on turbulence intensity and shear forces. Evaluating Construction Tolerances and Physical Modelling Construction tolerances are evaluated through sensitivity analysis in physical and numerical models to understand the impact of deviations from the design profile on hydrodynamic and morphological responses. This could involve adjusting the reef height or crest level within a range (e.g., ±0.1 m) in model simulations to assess changes in wave transmission and sediment deposition patterns around the reef. Implementing Risk Management Strategies Management strategies are informed by quantitative risk assessments, including the calculation of incident rates (incidents per user-hour) and the effectiveness of mitigation measures (e.g., reduction in rip current velocity by 50% with the installation of signage or barriers). Hydraulic models predict areas of high energy or currents that could pose risks to users, guiding the placement of warning signs or designated safe zones. The role of Artificial Reefs in Coastal Resilience As we face the escalating challenges of climate change and coastal erosion, the role of multipurpose artificial reefs in coastal management strategies becomes increasingly vital. These structures offer a promising pathway towards sustainable coastal protection, providing a blueprint for future projects around the world. The continued success of them relies on innovative design, rigorous scientific research, and a commitment to preserving our planet's coastal and marine environments. FAQ Do Artificial Reefs Actually Work? Artificial reefs can be effective when designed and implemented properly. These structures are engineered to work with natural processes, providing several benefits: Coastal Protection Marine Biodiversity Recreational Opportunities Projects like the Narrowneck Reef on Australia’s Gold Coast have demonstrated over a twenty year time period that improving shoreline stabilisation while supporting marine biodiversity, and improving recreational use is possible. What Are the Problems With Artificial Reefs? While artificial reefs have significant benefits, they can present challenges if not carefully designed and managed: Poor Placement : If placed incorrectly, artificial reefs can disrupt sediment transport and coastal dynamics, potentially exacerbating erosion in nearby areas. Material Issues : Using inappropriate materials can harm marine ecosystems. For example, non-durable or non-eco-friendly materials can degrade or leach harmful substances. Safety Concerns : Strong currents, shallow areas, or improperly designed reefs can pose risks to swimmers and surfers. Long-Term Monitoring : Artificial reefs require ongoing evaluation and maintenance to ensure they continue to function as intended. To mitigate these issues, proper site analysis, material selection, and risk assessments are critical during the design and implementation phases. Are Artificial Reefs 'The' Solution? The Narrowneck Reef on the Gold Coast in Australia is an example of a successful artificial reef as part of a wider coastal management strategy. Constructed as part of the Northern Beaches Protection Strategy, this multipurpose artificial reef has enhanced biodiversity and improved sand retention at a once venerable location. In general, artificial reefs should be considered as part of a holistic, coastal strategy as not as a stand-alone solution. International Coastal Management The journey of designing multiprupose artificial reefs is a testament to human ingenuity and our ability to work in harmony with nature. At ICM we've been pioneering examples of how artificial reefs can protect our coastlines while enriching the marine ecosystem and enhancing recreational opportunities for decades. As we continue to progress in the field of coastal resilience, these artificial reefs represent not just a piece of the solution but a vision for a sustainable and harmonious future between humanity and the ocean.

Coastal erosion is a global challenge threatening shorelines and communities worldwide. The Living Speed Bumps concept , developed by International Coastal Management (ICM), is a transformative approach to coastal resilience. It offers a sustainable alternative to traditional hard engineering methods, focusing on slowing sand movement while working with natural processes rather than against them. This soft-engineering methodology strikes a delicate balance between protecting coastlines and preserving the natural flow of sand, delivering adaptable and sustainable solutions for vulnerable beaches. Table of Contents What Are Living Speed Bumps? What is Coastal Resilience? A Changing Environment The Coastal Resilience Framework Working in Nature vs. Working With Nature The Living Speed Bumps Design Philosophy Proven Applications of Living Speed Bumps Living Speed Bumps: The Future. Oceanside, CA   Why Choose Living Speed Bumps? Challenges and Adaptations   A Vision for Coastal Resilience What Are Living Speed Bumps?  The Living Speed Bumps  approach refers to strategically placed coastal features designed to reduce the speed of local longshore sand transport and retain sand for longer periods, allowing dunes and beaches to stabilise without downdrift impacts. Unlike contemporary engineering solutions like breakwaters and groynes that disrupt natural processes, living speed bumps slow sand movement while maintaining its fluidity, enabling natural ecosystems to adapt and thrive.  This concept is implemented through two complementary components:  Onshore Speed Bumps: Structures like artificial headlands or low/short by-passable berms  Offshore Speed Bumps: Submerged reefs or breakwaters placed offshore to reduce wave energy and promote sand retention in the nearshore zone  While some coastlines may benefit from a single component, such as a series of onshore speed bumps or a standalone offshore speed bump, others may require both elements working in tandem. Determining the best solution for a site requires the expertise of a specialised coastal engineering team . Our tailored approach ensures that each project aligns with local environmental conditions and community needs, creating a dynamic solution that protects coastlines while supporting their natural evolution.  What is Coastal Resilience?  Coastal resilience is the capacity of coastal communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure to adapt to, withstand, recover from, and thrive despite challenges such as coastal erosion , storm surges, sea-level rise, and climate change. At its core, resilience means 'the ability to return quickly to a previous good condition after a problem or negative change'. In a coastal context, resilience can be assessed across various interconnected areas, including: Physical Shoreline   Environmental Health Community Wellbeing Financial Viability Regulatory Compliance Each of these factors plays a critical role in shaping resilient coastal solutions. From a physical perspective, coastlines are inherently dynamic and often display natural resilience. This is evident on most sandy coastlines, where the ‘ beach erosion ’ and ‘accretion’ pattern (the dotted red line) happens cyclically. During storm seasons, waves break up into the swash zone and erode the dune system . This sand is washed out into the storm bars which help then to reduce further erosion by breaking the waves. During calmer conditions, low wave energy ‘pushes’ the storm bar back into the swash zone, and wind helps to push dry sand back up into the dunes. Typically, new sand makes its way into the system to replace sand that also might have been lost.   Natural Coastal Resilience Response A Changing Environment Changes occur along our coastlines, it is inevitable, the coastal environment is highly dynamic. Some of these are due to natural changes and many are due to human influenced changes. If one of these conditions changes the balance, resilience potential will be disrupted. Examples include: Top of beach : the dunes are removed or built on  Bottom of beach : disruptive offshore structures  Sediment supply : blocked river previously supplying sand to a site or diminishing coral reef which previously provided sand to a site  The Coastal Resilience Framework Building coastal resilience requires a comprehensive approach that addresses three critical components: the Top of Beach, the Bottom of Beach, and the Sediment Supply. The Top of Beach focuses on protecting and restoring dunes and other dry beach areas that act as the first line of defence against erosion and storm surges. The Bottom of Beach ensures the stability of the nearshore zone which includes the subtidal and intertidal areas that dissipate wave energy and support marine ecosystems . Finally, Sediment Supply involves managing sand sources, minimising disruptions, and promoting balanced sediment movement to sustain the beach system. By integrating solutions that improve all three factors while allowing natural processes to thrive, this framework lays the foundation for building coastal resilience. It is a holistic, sustainable approach that prioritises long-term adaptation, environmental health, and community protection. This methodology reflects decades of ICM research and practical experience, offering a proven pathway for resilient and thriving coastlines. Working in Nature vs. Working With Nature Coastal engineering has undergone a significant evolution over the years, moving from approaches that block natural processes to those that embrace and work with them. Understanding this transition is key to creating sustainable coastal resilience solutions today. The Evolution of Coastal Engineering Most coastal solutions are heavily engineered. This is because coastal engineering is derived from civil engineering, and solutions were traditionally incorporated into coastal ports and harbours. These structures required keeping natural processes out (or to a minimum). Waves and moving sand bars within a harbour or marina is not ideal. In fact, it can be dangerous, especially when loading and unloading goods. So, for improved functionality and trade potential, harbours were designed to be unnaturally calm under even the most significant storm events. Requiring large, hard engineering barriers to avoid the natural processes. This was fundamentally an ‘avoid’ approach . Adapting for Beachfront Communities As the popularity of beachfront living increased, the 'change' approach emerged. Engineers developed strategies and structures to alter natural processes, reducing erosion to protect properties and infrastructure. This phase prioritised human needs over the natural environment. Transitioning to ‘Working With Nature’ The modern era of coastal engineering introduced a ‘working with nature’ or 'reduce' approach . Rather than avoid or change natural processes, it aims to ‘reduce’ and slow down the process to retain beaches for extended periods of time.   This approach was pioneered on the Gold Coast in the 1980’s by our Founder Angus Jackson , with the introduction of coastal solutions such as Nearshore Nourishment , which strategically places sand to create ‘designer sand banks’ that can nourish the beach slowly with natural cycles. The ‘reduce’ approach focused on creating ‘speed bumps’ in the coastal zone, which led to the development of multipurpose artificial reefs  (another concept pioneered on the Gold Coast with Angus Jackson ). The development of the sand bypassing  technology then allowed the Gold Coast to address the bottom of the beach, the sediment supply which led to the stabilisation of the top of the beach where significant coastal dune systems  were developed, monitored and managed over the past few decades.   An Example Below in an example of the ‘avoid’ approach (by others) with a significant, emergent breakwater vs. the ‘reduce’ approach  by ICM on the same coastline, in the UAE.  The submerged living speed bump allowed natural processes to occur at the site while maintaining a stable beach for 8 years (as per the contract agreement). The Living Speed Bumps Design Philosophy At its core, the Living Speed Bumps methodology prioritises:  Working With Nature : Slowing natural processes rather than stopping them, allowing sand to move but at a controlled pace that reduces erosion.  Soft Solutions : Favouring flexible, low-impact designs over rigid infrastructure to ensure harmony with coastal ecosystems.  Adaptability : Designing systems that evolve or can be adapted to changing environmental conditions, such as rising sea levels and shifting wave patterns.  Scalability : Tailoring solutions to fit local conditions and expanding them as necessary to address larger areas of coastline. Proven Applications of Living Speed Bumps The Living Speed Bumps concept is not theoretical - it has been successfully implemented in several key projects by ICM  around the world. Each project demonstrates the flexibility and effectiveness of this approach in different coastal contexts:  1. Narrowneck Reef, Gold Coast, Australia Onshore Speed Bump: An existing artificial headland. Offshore Speed Bump: The Narrowneck artificial reef , designed to reduce wave energy and retain sand while creating a habitat for marine life.  Impact: The project enhanced sand retention along the shoreline, improved surfing conditions, and supported biodiversity.    2. Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia Onshore Speed Bumps: Low, ‘soft’ berms were installed to stabilise sand flow and protect the beach from erosion.   Impact: Sand and waves naturally pass over the berms to maintain natural processes along the beach over the ‘speed bumps’ while reducing beach erosion.     3. United Arab Emirates: Submerged Rock Reef Breakwater Offshore Speed Bump: A submerged rock reef breakwater was constructed to reduce wave energy and encourage sand deposition.  Impact: The breakwater successfully stabilised the coastline, providing a sustainable solution for managing erosion while preserving natural sand movement.  4. United Arab Emirates: Offshore geotextile reef and low crested groynes Offshore Speed Bump: A geotextile reef was installed offshore to reduce wave energy and promote sand retention in the nearshore zone.  Onshore Speed Bumps: Low geotextile groynes were implemented along the coastline to complement the reef, managing sand movement effectively.  Impact: This combined approach created a more stable coastline and enhanced long-term resilience against erosion.  Living Speed Bumps: The Future. Oceanside, CA  ICM’s innovative Living Speed Bumps concept is now being implemented in Oceanside, California, as part of our winning proposal for the Re:Beach Design Competition launched by the city and GHD. The project includes:  Onshore Artificial Headlands : Located at Tyson Street Park and Wisconsin Avenue, these structures act as speed bumps to slow sand flow along the top of the beach, helping stabilise sand and create new green spaces for community use.  Offshore Artificial Reef : Positioned between the headlands, this reef reduces wave energy, supports sand retention in the nearshore zone, fosters new marine habitats, and can enhance surf amenity in the reef’s vicinity. The design builds on proven methodologies from ICM’s work on the Gold Coast  and other locations, tailored to Oceanside’s unique coastal conditions. Public engagement played a critical role, with community input emphasising the importance of sand retention, recreational space, and protecting surfing conditions. As a dynamic and scalable solution, Living Speed Bumps offer Oceanside a practical way to reduce erosion while setting a global precedent for innovative coastal resilience.  The Oceanside project is a pilot project and will be heavily monitored in the lead up to the implementation, during and after construction to ensure that the outcomes are met and inform any future decisions or projects along the California coastline. Why Choose Living Speed Bumps?  The Living Speed Bumps approach offers several advantages over contemporary coastal protection methods:  Longevity: By working with natural processes, this concept minimises environmental disruption and can enhance ecosystem health.  Cost-Effectiveness: ‘Soft’ or low’ solutions are often more affordable than large, rigid infrastructure, making them ideal for resource-limited settings. Note that with lower capital costs, maintenance programs should be in place to achieve longevity  Flexibility: Living Speed Bumps can be tailored to suit diverse coastal environments and expanded as needed. The choice of materials, whether geotextile , rock, basalt, or even oyster-based structures, depends on the site’s unique conditions and is guided by ICM’s engineering expertise to ensure maximum effectiveness.  Community Benefits: By preserving beaches, improving accessibility, and enhancing recreational opportunities, these solutions strengthen community connections to the coast while addressing pressing erosion challenges.  Environmental Benefits : Living Speed Bumps encourage biodiversity by creating habitats for marine and coastal species. They promote natural sediment movement and retention, and can integrate nature-based solutions .   This adaptable and sustainable approach makes Living Speed Bumps an innovative choice for building resilient coastlines.  Challenges and Adaptations  While the Living Speed Bumps methodology has proven effective, each project presents unique challenges. Key considerations include:  Environmental Sensitivities: Ensuring that designs support local ecosystems and species  Balancing Competing Needs: Managing trade-offs between sand retention, surfing conditions, and public access, capital costs vs. maintenance costs   Long-Term Monitoring: Establishing robust post-construction monitoring programs to assess effectiveness and make data-driven adjustments.  ICM’s extensive experience allows for adaptive management, ensuring that solutions remain effective in the face of dynamic coastal processes.  A Vision for Coastal Resilience  Living Speed Bumps represent a transformative approach to coastal resilience, offering an alternative to contemporary engineering methods. By slowing natural processes rather than changing/blocking them, this methodology provides a more harmonious balance between protection, adaptation, and environmental preservation.  As climate change intensifies and coastal erosion accelerates, the need for innovative, solutions like Living Speed Bumps has never been greater. From the Gold Coast to Oceanside, ICM continues to lead the way in developing and implementing cutting-edge designs that protect shorelines and empower communities. Interested in learning more about Living Speed Bumps or collaborating on a coastal resilience project? Contact us today to explore tailored solutions for your coastline.