Search Results

Australia's diverse coastlines are subject to constant change due to natural processes and human activity. From erosion to rising sea levels, protecting coastal properties has become a critical concern for homeowners, developers, and businesses. Building seawalls in Australia can be part of the solution, however they are just one piece of the puzzle in coastal resilience puzzle. At International Coastal Management (ICM), we specialise in guiding property owners, councils and developers through the complexities of coastal protection. From navigating local regulations to designing and implementing tailored solutions, we ensure your coastline is protected while balancing environmental sustainability. Understanding Coastal Protection in Australia Coastal protection projects in Australia often require rigorous approvals and compliance with strict regulations. If your property or development falls within a coastal protection (erosion-prone) overlay, councils may request an engineering report certified by a Registered Professional Engineer with coastal engineering experience - even if erosion risk is deemed minimal. How ICM Helps You Navigate Coastal Protection At ICM, we understand the complexities of coastal approvals and work closely with property owners, developers, and councils to ensure compliance. Our services include: Regulatory Guidance: Interpreting and addressing council requirements under coastal protection overlays, planning schemes, and erosion risk assessments. Permit Applications & Compliance Reports: Preparing engineering reports, RPEQ-certified assessments, and design justifications that satisfy council and regulatory requirements. Seawall & Coastal Structure Design: Providing tailored solutions for seawalls, revetments, dunes, and nature-based coastal defences that enhance resilience. Construction and Monitoring: Overseeing project implementation and ensuring long-term success. With decades of experience in seawall design, approvals, and compliance across Australia’s coastline, ICM, an experienced coastal engineering company, ensures your project meets all necessary regulations efficiently and cost-effectively. Need an RPEQ Certified Coastal Engineering Report? If your council has requested an RPEQ certified report for your seawall or coastal development project, we can help. Our team includes RPEQ-certified and Chartered Engineers with extensive experience in coastal hazard assessments, seawall design, and erosion risk mitigation. We provide comprehensive reports that meet council requirements, ensuring your project gains the necessary approvals while delivering long-term resilience. Contact us today for expert guidance and tailored engineering solutions. Are Seawalls the Right Solution? Seawalls are one method for protecting properties from erosion and wave action. Typically constructed from boulders, concrete, or other durable materials, they serve as a barrier to safeguard beachfront infrastructure. However, seawalls alone may not address the root causes of coastal erosion, and they come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. At ICM, we approach coastal protection holistically, considering all three elements of the Coastal Resilience Framework: Top of Beach: Managing dunes and vegetation to stabilise the shoreline. Bottom of Beach: Enhancing nearshore zones to dissipate wave energy. Sediment Supply: Ensuring a balanced flow of sand to sustain beach health. By evaluating these factors, we ensure that a seawall in Australia is part of an integrated solution tailored to the specific needs of your site. Types of Seawalls Seawalls come in a variety of forms, with their design tailored to the specific needs of the coastline they protect. Materials can range from rock and boulders, which provide a natural and cost-effective barrier, to concrete and modular designs, often used for their durability and adaptability. Living seawalls are an innovative option, incorporating features that can support marine life habitat while offering coastal protection. Geotextile container seawalls, made from durable fabric filled with sand or other materials, are a flexible alternative suitable for temporary or less-impacted areas. Seawalls also differ in shape, influencing their effectiveness and interaction with wave energy. Sloped seawalls dissipate wave energy gradually, reducing impact forces, while vertical walls reflect wave energy but may increase turbulence. Curved or stepped seawalls are designed to deflect waves upward or break their energy in stages, offering additional protection while potentially enhancing aesthetics. The choice of seawall type depends on site-specific conditions, including wave dynamics, environmental considerations, and budgetary constraints. Enhancing Seawalls with Dunes and Living Elements In many cases, seawalls work best when combined with other coastal resilience measures. For example, Gold Coast seawalls incorporate vegetated dunes on top of them, to provide an additional layer of protection by helping to trap sand, reduce wind erosion, and absorb wave energy. Similarly, living elements like oyster reefs or seagrass beds can enhance biodiversity while contributing to coastal stability. Our team at ICM designs solutions that work with natural processes, creating sustainable outcomes that benefit both communities and the environment. When to Consider Coastal Protection If you're noticing signs of erosion or instability on your property, it’s crucial to act quickly. Warning signs include: Retreating shorelines. Visible cracks or damage to existing seawalls. Increased exposure of dunes or vegetation to wave action. Accelerated loss of beach sand. Early intervention can save significant costs and prevent further damage. Contact ICM for a site-specific analysis and recommendations for your project. Building Coastal Resilience for the Future Protecting Australia's coastlines requires more than just hard structures like seawalls. By integrating solutions that address the top of the beach, bottom of the beach, and sediment supply, we create systems that are adaptive, sustainable, and resilient. At ICM, we believe in working with natural processes to protect your property while preserving the beauty and biodiversity of Australia's iconic coastlines. Ready to Protect Your Coastal Property? Whether you're a private homeowner or a developer, coastal protection can feel overwhelming. ICM is here to simplify the process and deliver results you can trust. Contact us today to discuss your coastal challenges and explore tailored solutions for your property.

The rising global interest in surfing and artificial surf reefs reflects a desire to merge coastal protection with recreational value, yet the complexity and mixed success make them a challenging innovation to implement effectively. At International Coastal Management (ICM), we’ve been involved with artificial surf reef developments for the last 40 years, refining the art of balancing coastal protection with surfing functionality. As coastal communities face increasing challenges from erosion, sea-level rise, and the need for tourism-driven economic growth, the lessons learned from global artificial surfing reef projects can serve as a roadmap for future projects. Table of Contents What are Artificial Surf Reefs? Artificial Surf Reef Design Challenges and Variables Designing for Surfing vs. Coastal Protection Global Artificial Surf Reefs Upcoming Artificial Reef Projects Key Considerations for Successful Artificial Surf Reefs FAQ: Understanding Artificial Surf Reefs Get in Touch Narrowneck Artificial Reef, Australia What are Artificial Surf Reefs? Artificial surf reefs are man-made underwater structures engineered to replicate the benefits of natural reefs. These structures, designed by specialised coastal engienering companies, aim to enhance wave quality by shaping surfable waves, improving wave face cleanliness, and extending ride length. While they are often thought to offer coastal protection by reducing wave energy and minimising beach erosion, in practice, surf reefs rarely achieve both objectives effectively. "Artificial reefs can improve surf conditions, but expectations must be managed. Surfable waves depend on highly variable factors like wave height, period, and wind direction. Designing the ‘perfect wave’ for everyone is not realistic." - Angus Jackson, Founder, International Coastal Management Constructed with materials like geotextile sand containers, rocks, or concrete modules on the ocean floor, artificial surf reefs are typically optimised for either surfing performance or coastal protection, but achieving both simultaneously requires careful trade-offs and compromises. Artificial Surf Reef Design Challenges and Variables Designing an artificial surf reef requires precision and consideration of many variables. The type of breaker, peel angle, and wave height are all critical to achieving a rideable wave. A reef that produces consistent, progressive waves for surfers must account for local seabed contours, wave energy, and target users. Key artificial surf reef design parameters include: Wave Height and Period: Determines the energy and surfability of the wave Breaker Type: Spilling waves suit beginners; plunging waves appeal to advanced surfers Peel Angle: Influences how progressively the wave breaks along its crest, critical for rideable conditions For example, a 1-meter wave will break in water approximately 1 to 1.4 meters deep. The reef’s shape must encourage waves to break progressively along the crest, creating the "peeling" effect desired by surfers. The perfect reef for one group of surfers may not suit another. Beginners benefit from safer, spilling waves, while advanced surfers usually prefer the challenge of steep, plunging breaks. Designing for Surfing vs. Coastal Protection The experience on the Gold Coast highlights a key reality: designing a surf reef is much more complex than it seems. While natural reefs around the world can (in the right conditions) create ideal surfing conditions, replicating this in an engineered structure is not as simple as it sounds. Typical Reef Shapes - ICM The challenge lies in achieving the precise conditions needed to produce a progressive, rideable wave that offers a long, consistent surfing experience. A surf reef requires careful attention to the placement and geometry of the reef’s crest, which must be carefully angled toward the beach to ensure waves break in a way that’s optimal for surfing. In contrast, coastal protection reefs can be more straightforward, often taking the form of submerged breakwaters designed to reduce wave energy and prevent beach erosion. The Gold Coast Artificial Reefs: An Initial Hybrid Approach The Gold Coast provides two distinct case studies for artificial reefs. The Narrowneck Artificial Reef, a hybrid design, was created primarily for coastal protection with surfing as a secondary benefit. In contrast, Palm Beach Artificial Reef was designed as a surf reef, focused on generating a right-hand surf break. Narrowneck Artificial Reef: A Multipurpose Artificial Reef Designed as a multipurpose structure, The Narrowneck Artificial Reef, developed by ICM, was built primarily for coastal protection with a secondary objective to enhance surf conditions. Originally designed in a V-shape to allow for both left- and right-hand rides, this early prototype required adjustments when strong currents were observed in the model, leading to a split in the ‘V’. Due to safety considerations, a proactive decision was made to lower the reef's crest by 1 meter before construction, ensuring a depth of 1.5 meters below the low tide waterline. While Narrowneck ultimately succeeded in its primary role as a coastal stabilisation reef, its surf functionality is limited to specific conditions. It should be noted that the Narrowneck Reef was part of an integrated coastal management approach for The Gold Coast’s northern beaches (The Northern Gold Coast Beach Protecting Strategy). The beach at the Narrowneck location should not exist due the large, artificial headland jutting out into the sea compared to the rest of the shoreline. The reef’s focus was to produce a coastal protection structure at low-cost and high-volume, therefore an innovative approach using large, sand filled geotextile containers was developed, producing a significant reef volume (approx. 70,000m³) for AUD$2.3M (approx. AUD$30/m³). The Narrowneck Artificial Headland jutting out into the sea beyond the rest of the coastline, with no accessible beach at high tides (before the artificial reef and NGBPS). Narrowneck ”beach” before the artificial reef (NGBPS) vs 25 years on, with stabilised beach and manmade dune system in lee of the reef. Surfers congregating on the large, built-up sand bank in the lee of the reef (on small swell days) Angus Jackson, our founder, reflects on the surfing element of the reef, saying: "Narrowneck works very well for coastal protection without causing harmful erosion behind the reef. However, as a surf reef, it’s more restricted, performing best when the tide is low and the swell is clean and large." It should be noted that as an underwater structure that helps to retain sand in the nearshore zone, the reef creates greater percentage of use for surf amenity in its vicinity (bulging sand banks around the reef). The excess sand evident in the nearshore zone is typically where surfers can be found. So, can you surf on the reef itself? Sure, if the conditions are right (low tide, 1.5m+ swell and offshore wind) as per the video below. Palm Beach Artificial Surf Reef: Designed for Surfing In contrast to Narrowneck, the Palm Beach Reef was designed to create a high-quality surf break (noting that surfing as a sport has changed dramatically since Narrowneck’s inception in the late 1990’s with significantly higher demand and general performance levels). A significant focus was put on highly complex computer models to achieve the ideal surf outcomes. Built using rock, Palm Beach Reef was significantly more expensive (AUD$18.3M total or approx. AUD$700/m ³) than Narrowneck and focused on producing a higher performance, right-hand surf wave. This surf reef design offers important lessons for those seeking to create artificial surf reefs in other parts of the world. As Angus Jackson explains: "Palm Beach shows that when the objective is surfing, the design can be more focused and effective. But with that comes higher costs, as the materials and precision required for a successful surf reef are significantly greater than those for a coastal protection reef." An artificial reef feasibility study was conducted by ICM and Griffith University in 2004 (presented at the International Surf Reef Conference at Manhattan Beach, California 2005) showcasing that (based on the initial success of Narrowneck Reef as a prototype for artificial reefs) another artificial reef in Palm Beach would be a feasible addition to a beach protection strategy. From there the reef design went through several reports and design stages (by BMT WBM in 2013, DHI in 2017 and a Final Report in 2018 by Royal Huskoning). The Palm Beach Reef demonstrates that surf reefs can achieve their recreational goals, with good waves breaking on the reef in the right conditions (low tide, 1.5m+ swell and offshore wind) and have positive impacts on local sand bars with surf amenity in the lee the reef in smaller/average swell. Palm Beach Reef in relation to other coastal elements. Source: Gold Coast City Council The Palm Beach Reef was located in the lee of a large, natural reef. This can help focus wave energy on the artificial reef. There is also has rock groyne structure inshore of the reef which helps to stabilises the top of the beach. Can you surf on the reef itself? Yes, in the right conditions the reef breaks well. Environmental and Economic Benefits of Artificial Reefs Both reefs on the Gold Coast offer environmental and economic benefits. Artificial reefs, like their natural counterparts, provide habitats for marine life and contribute to improving beach nourishment practices. Additionally, the surf amenities provided by these reefs have attracted tourism, which has been a boom to the local economy. "Both Narrowneck and Palm Beach have enhanced the local surf scene and brought significant environmental benefits. The sandbars formed around Narrowneck, for example, have contributed to the stability of the shoreline while also offering recreational value." - Angus Jackson For other coastal communities, this dual role of artificial reefs, both as coastal protectors and economic drivers through tourism, can be a powerful incentive to explore similar projects. Global Artificial Surf Reefs Artificial reefs have been developed worldwide with varying degrees of success, showcasing the complexities and challenges of combining coastal erosion protection with surfing enhancement. Below is an overview of notable projects, highlighting their objectives, construction methods, and outcomes: Bukitts Reef, Bargara, Queensland (1997) Objective: Surf-only improvement. Materials: Basalt boulders. Construction Method: Existing rocks on the headland were repositioned using an excavator at low tide. Approximate volume: 300m³. Outcome: A cost-effective and community-driven effort that transformed hazardous conditions into a peeling right-hand wave, Angus Jackson of ICM was able to provide valuable input into this pioneering concept. Cables Reef (Cable Station), Western Australia (1998-1999) Objective: Surf-only enhancement. Materials: Limestone rock. Construction Method: Rocks placed from a barge. Approximate volume: 5,000m³. Outcome: Although it created high-quality waves, inconsistent swell conditions limited the Perth artificial surfing reefs effectiveness, with surfable days occurring sporadically. Narrowneck Reef, Gold Coast, Queensland (1999-2000 with a top up in 2017) Objective: Coastal protection with a secondary goal to improve surf quality. Materials: Geotextile sand-filled containers (Terrafix non-woven SFGC). Construction Method: 150-450t mega sandbags placed via hopper dredge. Approximate volume: 70,000m³. Outcome: Narrowneck Reef, designed by ICM, successfully retained sand in the localised area, creating a consistent beach where there had not been before. It created marine biodiversity and surf quality was enhanced but remains limited to specific swell and tide conditions. Pratte’s Reef, California (2000-2001) Objective: Surf enhancement to mitigate the negative impacts of a jetty on local surf conditions. Materials: Geotextile sand-filled containers (Nicolon woven). Construction Method: 14t geotextile containers placed by crane on a barge. Approximate volume: 1,350m³. Outcome: The reef failed to consistently produce quality waves and was dismantled in 2010 due to structural issues and environmental concerns Mount Maunganui Reef, Tauranga, New Zealand (2008) Objective: Improve surfing conditions while enhancing beach width and biodiversity. Materials: Sand-filled geotextile containers (terrafix/elco non-woven) Construction Method: Containers filled in situ, deployed to create a delta-wing-shaped reef. Approximate volume: 6,000m³. Outcome: Produced breaking waves when ideal conditions aligned, but there were construction complications, resulting in hazardous rip currents and eventual removal in 2014. Boscombe Surf Reef, Dorset, England (2009) Objective: Enhance surfing conditions Materials: Geotextile sand-filled containers. Construction Method: Containers filled with local sand. Approximate volume: 13,000m³. Outcome: Initially produced occasional bodyboarding waves but faced structural failures. It was rebranded as a "multi-purpose reef" in 2017 but didn’t meet its original surfing objectives. Kovalam Reef, Kerala, India (2010) Objective: Coastal protection with secondary surf enhancement. Materials: Geotextile sandbags (30m long). Construction Method: Bags placed to create a 100m surfable left-hand wave. Approximate volume: 4,800m³. Outcome: Initially stabilised the beach and improved surf, but structural failure within weeks led to its rapid deterioration. Palm Beach, Australia (2018) Objective: Surfing and coastal protection Materials: Quarried rock approx 25,000m ³ Construction Method: Barge placed quarried rock Outcome: Great surf in ideal conditions with surf amenity in the reef vicinity on sand bars for majority of the time Banbury's Beach, Australia (2018) Objective: Surfing Materials: Floating air pocket Construction Method: Barge placed rubber Outcome: Damaged during installation, not able to function While these reefs showcase the potential of artificial surf reefs, they also highlight the importance of site-specific design and clear project goals. Upcoming Artificial Reef Projects Albany Reef, Australia (TBD) Objective: Surfing Materials: Quarried rock Construction Method: Barge. Outcome: In process. This reef has also been 30 years in the making with initial feasibility study and designs by ICM and Griffith University for the locally lead Surf Group S.O.S and City of Albany. The project was then kicked off again in 2015 and has moved through further design development stages by various other consultants, it’s an exciting one to watch as a purely, surf focused reef. Oceanside, California (TBD) Objective: Coastal protection with secondary surf enhancement. Materials: Quarried rock Construction Method: Barge. Outcome: In process. This reef is part of a coastal revitalising project with the main purpose to retain a sandy beach. ICM is working on the detailed design with GHD. Other Artificial Surf Reefs ICM has developed surf reef designs for locations such as Dubai and Colombia, with these innovative projects awaiting future construction. Modern surf parks/wave pools have also been built globally, specially designed for making waves perfect for surfing at different levels. Key Considerations for Successful Artificial Surf Reefs The success of an artificial surf reef depends on aligning its design with local conditions, user needs, and environmental considerations. As Angus Jackson explains: "The final design of any reef is as much social science as physical science. It must suit the culture, economy, and surf community it serves." The global artificial surf reef projects highlight key takeaways for future reefs: Define Objectives Clearly: Is the reef for surfing, coastal protection, or both? Wave Climate: Evaluate local wave conditions for consistency and quality User Safety: Safety cannot be compromised for public users Materials and Design: Cost and constructability are heavily influenced by material choices Leverage Natural Sediment Processes: Sandbars around reefs can amplify surf conditions. Community Engagement: Align with local needs and priorities to ensure acceptance and long-term support. Account for Maintenance: Ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure long-term success. FAQ: Understanding Artificial Surf Reefs Do artificial reefs actually work? Artificial reefs are complex structures that require a balance of science, engineering, and site-specific knowledge to succeed. When done right, they not only protect coastlines but also enhance marine habitats and recreational value. The success of reefs like Narrowneck proves the potential when these factors align. What is the most famous artificial reef? The Narrowneck Artificial Reef on the Gold Coast, Australia, is widely regarded as one of the most renowned. It successfully integrates coastal protection with environmental enhancement and improved surfing during ideal conditions, showcasing the multifaceted benefits of artificial surf reefs. What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial reefs? Artificial reefs are a long-term investment. Their benefits, like coastal protection, biodiversity enhancement, and recreation, are significant, but they require ongoing management to deliver sustainable results. Get in Touch Whether your goal is coastal erosion protection, surfing enhancement, or both, ICM has the expertise to guide your project. With decades of experience designing innovative, sustainable solutions, we’re ready to help you transform your coastline. Contact us today to learn more.

Living by the ocean offers great views and a unique lifestyle, but it also comes with challenges like coastal erosion and storm surges. For beachfront homeowners, Gold Coast seawalls aren't just a smart investment - it’s a requirement under the City of Gold Coast’s City Plan to protect your property and the surrounding coastline. At International Coastal Management (ICM), we make the seawalls construction process seamless. From design and certification to final construction sign-off and dune restoration, we handle every step with expertise. Why Do You Need a Seawall? Coastal erosion is a natural process, but it can become a significant risk during storms or high tides. Without adequate protection, your property could lose valuable land or face structural damage. Seawalls in Australia are one line of defence for coastal erosion. On the Gold Coast, it is the responsibility of private property owners and developers to construct and maintain a seawall (to council standards). These are designed to: Prevent property loss and reduce damage from storms. Comply with regulations by meeting City Plan requirements for beachfront properties. Enhance longevity The Gold Coast A-Line The A-Line is the approved alignment for seawall construction along the Gold Coast beaches, established after severe erosion in the 1960s and 1970s. It ensures a consistent and connected seawall system along the coastline, protecting both public and private properties. At ICM, we design seawalls that perfectly align with the A-Line, ensuring they meet Council requirements and integrate seamlessly into the coastal landscape. Steps to Building a Private Seawall on the Gold Coast Building a seawall on the Gold Coast can seem complex, but with ICM, it doesn’t have to be. We’ve simplified the Gold Coast City Council’s 11-step process into manageable actions, ensuring compliance at every stage: 1. Understand the City Plan Requirements Before beginning, review the City Plan Coastal Erosion Hazard Overlay Code and related guidelines and requirements. These documents outline the technical and regulatory standards for seawall construction. ICM Support: Our team breaks down the technical jargon, ensuring you know exactly what’s required. 2. Get the Necessary Approvals You’ll need development applications approved by both the City of Gold Coast and relevant Queensland Government departments for tidal or prescribed tidal works. ICM Advantage: We handle the paperwork for you, from State Government approvals for tidal works to Council permits. 3. Submit the Security Deposit The City of Gold Coast requires a minimum bond before work begins, ensuring satisfactory restoration of dunes and infrastructure, certification and approvals. Why ICM: We'll guide you through the deposit requirements, and ensure your seawall and dune system is built to council standards so your bond can be returned promptly after project completion. 4. Design and Certification Your seawall must be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ) to meet Council standards. Why ICM: Our RPEQ-certified engineers bring decades of experience to create designs that are durable, compliant, and environmentally integrated. 5. Pre-Construction Activities Prepare for construction by managing temporary road/pathway closures and ensuring minimal disruption to public access. ICM’s Full-Service Approach: We manage all pre-construction logistics, including obtaining necessary permits. 6. Construction of Seawall Work with a qualified contractor to construct your seawall to Council standards. ICM Expertise: We oversee construction to ensure quality and compliance every step of the way. 7. Restore the Dune and Vegetation After construction, dunes must be reformed with clean sand, native vegetation planted, and dune fencing installed. Our Complete Solution: We integrate dune restoration to ensure your seawall functions as part of a resilient coastal system to council standards. 8. Final Certification and Inspections Submit certifications and inspections to the City of Gold Coast for final approval. ICM’s Commitment: We ensure your seawall and dune system meet the highest standards. Gold Coast Coastal Management To counteract Gold Coast erosion, there are a range of innovative and multifaceted coastal protection measures implemented. Combining coastal protection structures, artificial reefs (like the Narrowneck Artificial Reef), beach nourishment, and stable dune systems, the region addresses erosion and ensures resilient coastlines. Additionally, sand bypassing and backpassing maintain natural sediment flows, while native vegetation stabilises dunes, providing critical storm buffers and wildlife habitats. This holistic approach balances environmental, community, and surf amenity benefits, safeguarding the coastline for future generations. FAQ: Your Seawall Questions Answered 1. How long does seawall construction take? The timeline varies depending on the complexity of the site but typically ranges from 4 to 5 months. The design and construction of a seawall can be relatively quick (2-4 weeks), however the approval process can take up to 4 months. 2. What’s the typical cost of a seawall? Costs vary based on site conditions, materials, and regulatory requirements. We provide a tailored quote after an initial site assessment. 3. Do I need a seawall if I already have dunes? Dunes are an essential part of coastal resilience but may not be sufficient on their own. Terminal seawalls provide a critical defence against wave action and erosion, especially during storms. 4. Can ICM handle the entire process? Yes! From design and approvals to construction management and dune restoration, ICM is an expert coastal engineering company that offers an end-to-end solution tailored to your property’s needs. 5. Why is dune restoration necessary after building a seawall? Dunes stabilise the area, reduce wind erosion, and enhance the natural resilience of your property. Dune restoration helps your seawall works in harmony with the environment, and is a requirement from the Gold Coast City Council. ICM’s Expertise in Seawall Construction ICM provides end-to-end seawall solutions, including: Design: Engineering seawalls to meet Gold Coast standards. Construction: Managing the building process (working with local contractors) from start to finish. Regulatory Compliance: Navigating the approval process for you. Dune Restoration: Stabilising the site with sand, vegetation, and fencing plans. Our team ensures your seawall not only protects your property but also integrates seamlessly with natural coastal processes, enhancing long-term resilience. Ready to protect your beachfront property? Contact ICM for tailored seawall solutions designed to safeguard your home and investment while meeting Gold Coast regulations.

Coastal environments are constantly changing. Strong tides and storms naturally change the shape of a coastline over time. But with rising sea levels and extreme weather events becoming more frequent, expert coastal engineering companies can play a vital role in protecting shorelines, infrastructure, and communities. But how do you know which coastal engineering company to trust? With so many firms offering erosion control and shoreline protection, it’s crucial to choose a specialist that understands the complexities of coastal processes, regulatory requirements, and nature-based solutions. Table of Contents What Do Coastal Engineering Companies Do? How to Choose the Right Coastal Engineering Company The Gold Coast Coastal Resilience Evolution The Future of Coastal Engineering How to Get Started with ICM What Do Coastal Engineering Companies Do? Coastal engineering is a specialised field of engineering that focuses on managing and protecting coastal zones from natural forces and human impacts. Unlike large civil engineering firms, coastal engineering companies have specialist expertise in designing and implementing coastal solutions that work with natural processes rather than against them. International Coastal Management (ICM) is a globally recognised leader in providing practical, cost-effective, and sustainable coastal solutions. While our head office is located on the Gold Coast, Australia, our expertise extends worldwide, delivering innovative and tailored solutions to coastal challenges. Coastal engineer services include: Seawalls & Erosion Control Structures Beach Nourishment & Sediment Management Artificial Reefs & Nature-Based Solutions Marina & Waterfront Development Coastal Resilience Planning At ICM, we’ve been delivering these solutions for over 40 years, combining engineering expertise with a deep understanding of coastal dynamics to ensure long-term success. How to Choose the Right Coastal Engineering Company Not all coastal engineering companies are created equal. When selecting a partner for your project, consider the following key factors: 1. Experience & Proven Track Record Coastal engineering is complex - real-world experience matters. Look for a company with: Decades of experience handling diverse coastal challenges A strong portfolio of successful projects in various environments International expertise to bring global best practices to local solutions ICM’s Advantage: ICM has safeguarded thousands of miles of coastline across 23+ countries, delivering 1,200+ successful projects. From erosion-prone shorelines to million-dollar waterfront developments, our expertise transforms coastal challenges into lasting, sustainable solutions that protect communities, businesses, and ecosystems. 2. Regulatory Knowledge & Compliance Coastal projects must adhere to strict environmental and regulatory guidelines. The right engineering firm will: Navigate complex approval processes for you Ensure compliance with local, state, and national regulations Provide certified designs that meet marine engineering and environmental standards (location dependant) ICM’s Advantage: We work closely with councils, governments, and private developers to streamline approvals and compliance - so your project stays on track. 3. Specialist vs. Generalist Approach Many civil engineering firms offer coastal engineering as part of a broader service, but coastal resilience requires specialised expertise. Choose a company that: Focuses exclusively on coastal engineering Understands the unique challenges of coastal processes Can design solutions tailored to site-specific conditions ICM’s Advantage: Unlike many firms, ICM is a coastal engineering specialist. We don’t just build structures - we design solutions that work in harmony with nature. 4. Innovative & Sustainable Solutions Today’s coastal projects require innovative solutions that balance protection with sustainability. The best companies will: Incorporate nature-based solutions alongside traditional engineering Use advanced digital modelling to predict long-term effectiveness Focus on ecological benefits, not just hard infrastructure ICM’s Advantage: We’ve developed coastal resilience frameworks and strategies such as the Living Speed Bumps approach, used in Australia, the UAE and soon to be in the United States. 5. Multi-Benefit Project Outcomes The most effective coastal solutions go beyond erosion control - they create economic, environmental, and community benefits. Look for a firm that: Enhances beach amenity and recreational value Supports marine biodiversity and coastal ecosystems Maximises cost-effectiveness without compromising resilience ICM’s Advantage: Our multi-functional coastal solutions have helped cities, developers, and homeowners protect their investments while improving coastal ecosystems. The Gold Coast Coastal Resilience Evolution The Gold Coast, Australia, is a prime example of how integrated coastal engineering strategies can protect shorelines while maintaining beach health. Challenge: Severe beach erosion threatened homes, infrastructure, and tourism. ICM’s Solution: A hybrid approach combining: Terminal seawalls buried under sand dunes to provide hidden protection Beach nourishment & sediment bypassing and backpassing to improve sand processes. Construction of artificial reefs to reduce erosion Dune vegetation planting to strengthen the shoreline Result: A resilient, adaptable system that protects against storms while preserving beach access and ecological value. The Gold Coast: Before & After The Future of Coastal Engineering As climate change accelerates, coastal engineering must evolve. Future directions of the field may include Adaptive engineering designs: Coastal structures designed for adaptability e.g. ability to increase height or width in response to sea level rise Machine learning advancements: Incorporating AI into designs Proactive planning: Integrating nature-based elements with engineered structures, like multifunctional artificial reefs and living shorelines ICM is at the forefront of this evolution, leading pioneering pilot projects worldwide and contributing to global research initiatives. Our expertise extends to serving on high-profile panels, including the United Nations Ocean Decade Expert Panel and the Engineers Australia National Committee on Coastal and Ocean Engineering, shaping the next generation of sustainable coastal solutions. How to Get Started with ICM For private developments, councils/governments, or other design firms looking for coastal expertise, if you’re planning a project, get in touch with us. Our team can provide you with: Expert consultation to assess your site’s needs Customised engineering designs that balance protection & sustainability Implementation and project management from start to finish

ICM was engaged by a private client on Cape Cod to assess shoreline vulnerability and provide schematic-level recommendations for coastal protection. The study considered seasonal and storm-driven erosion, future sea level rise, and practical construction and maintenance constraints. Project Details Client: Private client Location: Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Date: 2024 About This Project The Challenge The beachfront dune system and adjacent properties face ongoing erosion from seasonal conditions and extreme storms, with future risk elevated by sea level rise. The client sought options that improve protection to the dunes and vegetation, reduce routine maintenance activities and cost, and reduce coastal erosion hazards to the residential properties. The Solution ICM completed a schematic design report and provided several potential options. Recommendations were intentionally flexible and scalable, ranging from soft measures to support the dune and beach, to targeted enhancements and upgrades that improve day-to-day performance, through to regional sand management strategies where appropriate. The package included schematic layouts, order-of-magnitude costing considerations, and planning guidance to inform next steps with local approvals specialists. “We focused on clear choices that balance performance, buildability, and approvals so the client can move forward with confidence.” - Aaron Salyer, ICM Services Provided Data review and coastal processes assessment Shoreline vulnerability screening Options analysis and concept development Schematic layouts and order-of-magnitude cost considerations Planning guidance for approvals and implementation staging

The Gold Coast is one of Australia’s most dynamic and sought-after coastal regions. For developers, this presents incredible opportunities but also unique challenges. Coastal erosion and strict regulatory requirements mean that any beachfront development must review, construct and maintain a seawall to Gold Coast City Council standards. At International Coastal Management (ICM), we partner with developers to design and implement seawalls that meet these standards while supporting sustainable and profitable developments. Why Developers Need Certified Seawalls As a developer, you’re responsible for ensuring that new beachfront projects comply with the City Plan Coastal Erosion Hazard Overlay Code. This includes constructing certified terminal seawalls along the A-Line before any development begins. Understanding the advantages of seawalls is crucial, as they not only provide long-term shoreline stability but also ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. These seawalls are designed to: Prevent property loss and reduce damage from storms. Comply with regulations by meeting City Plan requirements for beachfront properties. Enhance longevity Gold Coast Regulations Seawalls on the Gold Coast must align with the A-Line, established after major storms in the 1960s and 1970s. This ensures a continuous, and connected terminal seawall system along the coast, protecting both public and private property. Alongside this, key regulations include: Standard Seawall Design Drawings for consistent construction Coastal dune restoration and fencing requirements Environmental impact assessments for tidal and prescribed tidal works Steps to Build a Seawall for Your Gold Coast Development At ICM, we have been reviewing, designing and constructing terminal seawalls on the Gold Coast for over 40 years. Our RPEQ certified engineers will guide you through the process, ensuring your seawall is durable and compliant with all council standards. Below is a summary of the Gold Coast Requirements. 1. Review the City Plan and Guidelines Review the City Plan Coastal Erosion Hazard Overlay Code and related guidelines and requirements. These documents outline the standards for seawall construction. 2. Obtain Approvals Secure development permits from: City of Gold Coast Relevant Queensland Government departments for tidal works The Gold Coast City also requires a bond before work begins, to ensure satisfactory restoration of dunes, infrastructure, certification and approvals. 3. Engage Coastal Engineering Experts Your seawall must be designed by a Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ) and built to meet strict standards. At ICM, Our RPEQ-certified engineers bring decades of experience to create designs that are durable, compliant, and environmentally integrated. 4. Construct and Certify the Seawall Use an experienced team like ICM to ensure compliance with pre-construction requirements, construction regulations and quality standards. 5. Dune Restoration After seawall development, dunes must be reformed with clean sand, native vegetation, and have dune protection fencing installed as required. ICM’s Expertise for Developers ICM is your trusted partner in seawall construction, offering: Turnkey Solutions: From design to final certification Compliance Expertise: Navigating local and state regulatory requirements Sustainable Practices: Incorporating dune restoration and nature-based solutions Track Record: Over 1,200 successful coastal projects completed worldwide Our solutions not only meet the Gold Coast’s standards but also enhance the sustainability and market appeal of your development. Contact us for a free quote today.

The coastline represents a dynamic and constantly evolving boundary between land and sea, shaped by natural forces such as tides, storms, and erosion. Coastal engineering plays an essential role in managing and protecting this delicate interface, where large sandy beaches can swiftly transform into vulnerable zones during adverse weather events. This specialised field applies scientific and engineering principles to stabilise shorelines, mitigate erosion, and enhance resilience against coastal hazards. If you are looking for an experienced coastal engineering company, understanding the history and importance of this discipline can provide valuable insights into the expertise required to manage our coastlines effectively. Let's dive deep into the world of coastal engineering. Table of Contents What is Coastal Engineering? What does a Coastal Engineer do? Why is Coastal Engineering Needed? A Brief History of Coastal Engineering Coastal Engineering in the Modern Era Coastal Engineering Pilot Projects Managing the Coastline: A Journey towards Coastal Resilience The Future of Coastal Engineering Coastal Engineering Solutions What is Coastal Engineering? Coastal engineering is a specialised field within civil engineering focused on managing and protecting coastal zones from natural forces and human impacts. This discipline combines scientific analysis and engineering practices to understand and address coastal dynamics, including wave behaviour, sediment transport, erosion, and sea-level changes. Coastal engineers develop solutions that enhance shoreline stability, safeguard against flooding, and support sustainable coastal use, utilising advanced modelling and design techniques to predict the effects of both natural events and engineered interventions. What does a Coastal Engineer do? At its core, coastal engineering combines principles from geology, oceanography, civil engineering, and environmental science to develop solutions for protecting and enhancing coastal environments. Coastal engineers undertake various tasks, such as: Designing and Constructing Protective Structures: Coastal engineers design and build seawalls, revetments, breakwaters, artificial reefs, and groynes to protect against erosion and rising sea levels. These structures are essential in managing coastal erosion, and exploring the advantages and disadvantages of seawalls can provide insights into their effectiveness and limitations. Developing Multi-Purpose Coastal Strategies and Structures: Coastal engineering involves creating structures that ensure safe navigation for vessels, manage sediment transport, and enhance recreational and environmental value. For instance, artificial reefs can offer both coastal protection and recreational benefits. Exploring multi-purpose artificial reefs illustrates how these structures contribute to coastal resilience. Restoring and Replenishing Beaches: Coastal engineers work to counteract erosion by replenishing beaches and restoring coastal dunes, which serve as natural barriers against waves and storm surges. Techniques like nearshore nourishment help maintain beach stability, while coastal dunes offer a sustainable, nature-based approach to coastal resilience. Managing Coastal Habitats and Biodiversity: Coastal zones support diverse ecosystems, and coastal engineers play a role in protecting these habitats. By implementing nature-based solutions, they can balance human activity with environmental preservation. For example, nature-based solutions can enhance both biodiversity and shoreline resilience. Coastal engineers also consider habitat creation when designing coastal structures, as discussed in the power of adaptation through nature-based solutions. Addressing Societal Challenges with Sustainable Solutions: Coastal engineers often address challenges related to climate change, urbanisation, and community resilience. Their work in adapting nature-based solutions to societal needs highlights how these strategies align with long-term sustainability goals while managing coastal infrastructure. Why is Coastal Engineering Needed? Coastal engineering is essential for shaping and protecting our coastal environments, tackling the complex challenges posed by erosion, rising sea levels, and expanding human development. By blending science, technology, and environmental sustainability, coastal engineers address the myriad of challenges and opportunities presented by the dynamic interface between land and sea, driving progress towards a resilient and sustainable coastal future. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise: As climate change accelerates sea-level rise and intensifies storm events, coastal engineering plays a crucial role in protecting vulnerable coastal areas. Coastal engineers design adaptable, resilient strategies to mitigate flooding risks, manage erosion, and stabilise shorelines. Techniques like beach erosion prevention solutions and coastal sandbypassing systems are examples of proactive measures that enhance shoreline resilience. Economic Importance: Coastal engineering is integral to the functioning of ports and harbors, which serve as essential hubs for international trade. By managing sediment transport, navigational requirements, and structural stability, coastal engineers ensure the efficient operation of these facilities, supporting global commerce and regional economic growth. Marina Development Marinas are vital to the tourism and recreational economy, providing safe harbors for boats and enhancing the appeal of coastal areas. Coastal engineers design and develop marinas to withstand coastal dynamics, manage sedimentation, and ensure safe navigation. Tourism and Recreation: Coastal tourism is a major economic driver, drawing millions to beaches each year. Coastal engineers are responsible for keeping beach communities appealing while also ensuring their visitors safety. They manage beach nourishment projects, the design of recreational facilities, the implementation of measures to preserve the natural beauty of coastal landscapes, and beach erosion prevention solutions all of which contribute to the growth of the tourism industry. Environmental Conservation: Coastal areas are home to ecosystems that are both diverse and fragile, both of which are essential to the survival of marine life. Coastal engineers are essential to the preservation of the natural environment because of the crucial role they play in the design of environmentally friendly coastal structures, the restoration of degraded habitats, and the development of sustainable management practices. In order to protect marine life and keep our oceans in good health, it is essential to strike a balance between the demands of development and the need to preserve ecological integrity. Public Safety and Risk Management: Coastal engineers devise methods of hazard prevention and early warning systems in order to save lives and protect property from natural disasters that can occur along coastlines, such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and storm surges. They improve community preparedness and reduce the negative effects of disasters by conducting risk assessments and vulnerability analyses, which provides input for land-use planning and emergency response strategies. Research and Knowledge Generation: Understanding coastal processes, developing new technologies, and improving engineering practices all require ongoing research and the generation of new knowledge in the field of coastal engineering. Coastal engineers contribute to the advancement of science by carrying out field studies, developing models, and publishing research findings. This process enriches the existing body of collective knowledge and encourages innovation within the sector. A Brief History of Coastal Engineering Coastal engineering can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where its roots were first established. Harbors and fortifications against the sea were famously developed by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, respectively. While Australia's early indigenous technologies included weirs and dams for manipulating the coastal zone for aquaculture. Coastal Engineering in the Modern Era The Dutch Influence The Dutch have been at the forefront of modern coastal engineering for centuries. This is due to the fact that a sizeable portion of the Netherlands is located at or below sea level. The development of novel coastal defences is absolutely essential to the survival of the country. Their ingenious systems of dikes, dams, and storm surge barriers, such as the world-famous Delta Works, have set global standards for the prevention of flooding and the management of water resources. In addition, the Dutch method of coastal engineering is not solely focused on preventing water from entering the land; rather, it emphasizes finding ways to coexist with water. This harmonious coexistence with water is demonstrated by ideas such as "Room for the River," which make it possible for certain areas to flood without risk, as well as by the construction of floating homes. This comprehensive and forward-thinking approach has not only helped to preserve the Dutch landscape, but it has also inspired coastal management strategies all over the world. These strategies place an emphasis on adaptability, sustainability, and a profound respect for the natural environment. The United States Army Corps of Engineers Influence As we move into to the modern era, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) becomes an increasingly important player. The USACE was established in 1802, and its initial focus was on military fortifications and navigational routes. On the other hand, as the United States grew and became more industrialised, the role of the Corps of Engineers in coastal engineering became more prominent. They were in charge of a number of projects, some of which included the construction of lighthouses, jetties, and extensive beach nourishment. Their research, innovations, and in-depth studies of coastal areas have shaped a significant portion of the best practices that are currently used in the field. The Gold Coast Influence Since the 1970's, the Gold Coast has become a living laboratory for modern coastal engineering, and a place where pioneering projects have been tested and monitored. The region's proactive approach to coastal management has led to the development and refinement of techniques that have had a significant impact on coastal engineering practices around the world. These techniques have also had an impact on the development of new techniques. The Gold Coast has established new standards for environmentally responsible beach nourishment, coastal protection structures, and habitat restoration thanks to a number of innovative projects. Lessons in resiliency, adaptability, and harmony with nature can be learned through continuous observation and study of this living coastal lab, which has yielded priceless insights into the dynamic interactions between various coastal elements. International Coastal Management is proud to be a pioneering player in the Gold Coast's history of modern coastal engineering. Initiating projects like the sand bypassing system, nearshore nourishment, artificial reefs, and developing seawalls with vegetated dunes, ICM continues to play a role in the Gold Coast's coastal management strategy. Dubai's Influence The word "innovative" has come to be synonymous with coastal engineering in Dubai, which pushes the limits of what is conceivable and achievable. The iconic projects that the emirate has undertaken in the past, such as the Palm Jumeirah and The World Islands, have brought about a revolution in coastal development and demonstrated the potential to form new landforms in marine environments. These man-made archipelagos, built with meticulously placed sand and rock, are not only marvels of engineering but also testaments to human ingenuity and ambition. The construction of these archipelagos required a great deal of planning and precision. The efforts that Dubai has put forth have prompted advancements in dredging and land reclamation technologies, which have made it possible for seascapes to be transformed into areas that are habitable, functional, and luxurious. However, these monumental projects have also sparked discussions and reflections on environmental sustainability, ecological impact, and long-term viability, prompting coastal engineers and environmentalists to seek balanced solutions that harmonize development desires with ecological prudence. International Coastal Management has been involved in a variety of Dubai's coastal projects over the last couple of decades. From the World Islands to multiple private island developments and coastal structures, with expansion of projects across the UAE and many of the Middle Eastern countries including Bahrain and Qatar. Coastal Engineering Pilot Projects Theories and designs alone can only get us so far in any field of science or engineering. Any coastal engineering project will really be put to the test when it is used in real life. Because of this, pilot projects become an essential strategy. Coastal engineers can keep an eye on results, collect data, and improve their methods by using smaller-scale experiments. The history of man-made reefs is a great example of this. In the past, man-made reefs were mostly made of concrete, old tires, or even ships that had been taken out of service. But in order to find better solutions that are better for the environment and work better, people tried using different materials. The Narrowneck Reef in Australia is a great example of this new way of doing things. The reef was made with geotextile sand containers instead of known building materials. The reef material and construction were specifically designed for the project, forcing development in the field. It was meant to protect the coast and provide a place for recreation. The Narrowneck Reef's success not only taught us a lot about how to use different kinds of materials, but it also showed how coastal protection and better recreation can go hand in hand. Furthermore, the realm of beach nourishment has seen significant advancements, thanks to pioneering work by experts like Angus Jackson. Traditional beach nourishment involved depositing sand from offshore sources directly onto eroding beaches. Jackson's innovative method, termed nearshore nourishment, shifted the deposition zone to the nearshore area. This method, developed on the Gold Coast, allows natural wave processes to distribute the sand, offering a more sustainable and effective approach to beach replenishment. Such pilot projects and their subsequent monitoring have enriched the field of coastal engineering. They've provided invaluable insights, refined methodologies, and underscored the importance of adaptability in the face of dynamic coastal challenges. Managing the Coastline: A Journey towards Coastal Resilience Taking care of the coastline is like taking care of a living thing. It takes constant work, the ability to adapt, and a deep understanding of how natural processes and human actions affect each other. When carefully planned and put into action, coastal management strategies can make coastal areas much more resilient, allowing them to thrive even as environmental problems get worse. The Gold Coast in Australia is a great example of how good coastal management can change things. Over the years, many different plans have been used to deal with problems like beach erosion, storm damage, and rising sea levels. Building groynes, coming up with new ways to nourish beaches, and creating man-made reefs like the Narrowneck Reef have all been very important in making the Gold Coast stronger and more resilient. By keeping a careful balance between environmental, recreational, and protective goals, the Gold Coast is a shining example for other coastal areas that want to make their coastlines more adaptive and long-lasting. The Future of Coastal Engineering As we venture into the heart of the 21st century, coastal engineering stands at the crossroads of innovation and adaptation. Here's a glimpse into the future: 1. Embracing Green Engineering: "Soft" solutions will be used more and more along with traditional "hard" solutions like sea walls and breakwaters. Using natural materials and ecosystems, like mangroves and oyster reefs, to make living shorelines that protect the coast and increase biodiversity is part of this. Encouraging Nature Based Solutions, like the Noosa River Oyster Reef Project is something that ICM integrate into our design approach. 2. Innovative Technology: Engineers will be able to more accurately predict how the coast will change thanks to improvements in technology, AI, and modeling tools. Drones and pictures taken by satellites will also help keep an eye on and manage coastal areas. At ICM we have been using drones (both aerial and hydrographic) over the years to improve our on-site data recording ablitites. While for desktop studies, the improvement in 'citizen science' technologies like the "Coast Snap" app are providing useful data that can feed into our designs. 3. Sustainable Urban Planning With a significant portion of the world's population living near coasts, there's an impending need for sustainable coastal urbanization. This involves creating resilient infrastructure that can withstand extreme events and sea-level rise. At ICM we always involved in adaptive and resilient coastal projects, though see the need for greater reliance as we head into the near future. 4. Collaborative Efforts As coastal challenges become increasingly global, international collaboration will be paramount. Sharing knowledge, technology, and best practices will drive global resilience. The development of "Knowledge Hubs" such as the Gold Coast's own developed by Griffith Coastal Management Department is critical. 5. Education and Advocacy: Coastal engineers will play a vital role in educating policymakers, stakeholders, and the general public about the importance of sustainable coastal management. This will ensure informed decision-making and greater community involvement. Coastal Engineering Solutions Coastal engineering, deeply rooted in its rich history, is evolving rapidly to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow. If you're in search of a coastal engineering firm that not only understands the legacy of the past but also has its eyes set on the future, International Coastal Management is your ideal partner. Join us as we shape the future of our coastlines, ensuring they remain vibrant, safe, and resilient for generations to come.

Partnering with Waagner Biro, ICM delivered fast-track beach enhancement works at Al Yasat Aali Island, transforming a shallow, unusable shoreline into a protected lagoon with safe access and improved amenity. The project stabilised the coast, created an area for swimming, and a small-craft berthing for private use. Project Details Client: Waagner Biro Gulf LLC / RTA Completion Date: 2008 Location: Al Yasat Aali Island, United Arab Emirates About This Project The Challenge A private residence was constructed on an exposed, shallow coastline with limited usability and active erosion. The brief called for rapid delivery of beach stabilisation and the creation of a swimmable lagoon with small-craft access - on a remote site with barge logistics and variable nearshore rock conditions. The Solution In partnership with Waagner Biro, ICM implemented an integrated coastal works package: a series of rock groynes and breakwaters, dredging of a lagoon and access channel (including very hard rock zones), revetment walls, a marina pontoon and jet-ski berths with a timber walkway. “Our priority was to stabilise the shoreline and protect the road while creating a safe, usable lagoon - delivered efficiently on a remote site.” - Aaron Salyer, International Coastal Management Services Provided Site inspection, surveying, and coastal process review Concept and detailed design of groynes, breakwaters, revetments, and road protection Lagoon and channel dredging design and construction support Pontoon and jet-ski berth layout, installation, and ballasting supervision Construction staging, logistics planning, and quality control Handover documentation and maintenance guidance

The success of the Re:Beach Design Competition is a testiment to the power of expertise, innovation, and passion. At International Coastal Management, we're incredibly proud of our team, whose diverse skills and experiences have been the driving force behind this groundbreaking design. Let's introduce the team who have made this win one to remember. Angus Jackson: The Visionary Leader Angus Jackson, our founder and executive engineer, is a veteran with over 45 years in coastal and waterway management. His pioneering work on the Gold Coast (as the city's coastal engineer through the 80's-90's) set the stage for his innovative leadership at ICM, propelling our approach to the Re Beach project with foresight and ingenuity. Leveraging the experience of his successful projects helped to bring confidence to our design approach for Oceanside, California. Aaron Salyer: The Surfer Engineer Aaron Salyer, our co-director at ICM, is leading the Re:Beach project and brought more than 16 years of international coastal engineering experience. His unique perspective as a surfer, coupled with a deep-rooted connection to California, was crucial in crafting a project that resonates with the Oceanside community. Bobbie Corbett: The Innovator in Coastal Engineering Senior Principal Engineer Bobbie Corbett's 20-year career has been marked by innovative solutions in coastal engineering. Her award-winning work on artificial reefs brought a critical edge to the development of the Re:Beach project's unique approach. She was also awarded the Engineers Australia "Women in Coastal Geoscience & Engineering Award" for 2023. Sam King: The Nature-Based Solutions Expert Sam King's exceptional work in nature-based solutions has made him a rising star in coastal engineering. His focus on multi-functional reefs and marine habitat restoration significantly influenced the nature-based approach of the Re:Beach design. He was awarded the Engineers Australia "Kevin Stark Memorial Award for Excellence in Coastal & Ocean Engineering" for 2023 and will be featured in the upcoming US Army Corp. of Engineers "Engineering with Nature" book for 2024. Martin Mulcahy: The Rock Design Specialist Martin Mulcahy, known for his expertise in rock design, has been integral in reshaping rock standards for sea level rise. As a surfer, his insights were invaluable in ensuring the Re:Beach design caters to the surfing elements, blending engineering precision with the art of wave dynamics. Zack Lindenberg: The Practical Visionary Zack Lindenberg's background as a surf lifesaver and coastal engineer brings a unique blend of practical and technical knowledge to the team. His experience in ocean engineering and hands-on approach were key in the technical and site-specific aspects of the project approach in consideration of public safety and beach usability. International Coastal Management Our team's combined expertise in coastal engineering, passion for sustainable solutions, and personal connections to the ocean have been the cornerstone of the Re:Beach project. This diverse blend of skills and experiences has not only driven the project to success but also embodies our commitment to innovative and environmentally responsible coastal management. Join us in celebrating the achievements of this talented team and stay tuned as we continue to make waves in the field of coastal engineering.

In a fascinating study conducted by a team of world-renowned researchers from Griffith University and the City of Gold Coast, Australia, the impact of Multi-purpose Artificial Reefs (MPARs) on coastal sediment transport and morphology was examined, particularly focusing on the ICM led Narrowneck Reef project, two decades post-construction. This research is crucial as it sheds light on the long-term effects of multipurpose artificial reefs, which have been designed to offer coastal protection while enhancing marine ecology and recreational activities such as surfing. The Study's Findings The research utilised a combination of high-resolution topo-bathymetric surveys and numerical modelling to investigate how the Narrowneck reef has influenced sediment transport and morphological changes around the structure. Key findings include: Sand Bypassing: Contrary to initial expectations, the study revealed that sand can bypass the multipurpose artificial reef around its offshore end. This was not anticipated during the reef's design phase and has not been widely reported in literature on similar structures. Current Deflection and Sediment Deposition: The presence of the Multi Purpose Artificial Reef causes longshore currents to be deflected as they pass the reef, creating a "shadow zone" on the down drift side where sand accumulates. This finding is significant as it demonstrates the reef's role in sediment storage and coastal protection, aligning with its initial design objectives. Stabilisation of Coastal Bars: The research also found that the Multi Purpose Artificial Reefs can help stabilise coastal bars as they move onshore, with a notable downdrift offset of the inner bar due to low oblique wave incidence. This effect contributes to the stabilisation of the coastal environment around the reef. Implications and Future Directions This study highlights the multifaceted role of Multi Purpose Artificial Reefs in coastal management, offering insights into their impact on sediment transport pathways and coastal morphology. The findings suggest that MPARs can indeed fulfill their dual purpose of providing coastal protection while enhancing recreational outcomes, such as surfing conditions. However, the research also showcases the importance of long-term monitoring and data analysis to fully understand the implications of such structures on coastal environments. Future research should continue to focus on the long-term performance of multipurpose artificial reefs, exploring their impacts under varying environmental conditions and their potential role in climate change adaptation strategies for coastal communities as costal erosion solutions. The insights gained from studies like this are invaluable for policymakers, and environmental managers in designing and implementing effective coastal protection measures that harmonize with recreational and ecological objectives. The study can be found, on Research Gate. Designing and Constructing Multi-Purpose Artificial Reefs The design and deployment of artificial reefs for coastal protection is a complex process that requires careful study and consideration of various factors. The complexities of designing artificial reefs stem from the need to balance stability, hydrodynamic processes, morphological response, and the interaction with local marine ecosystems. Stability: The stability of an artificial reef depends on the materials used (e.g., rock armouring, geotextile containers or others), the structure's shape, and the forces exerted by waves and currents. Careful engineering analysis is required by coastal engineering specialists. Hydrodynamic Processes: Understanding the impact of an artificial reef on local wave patterns and currents is crucial. The reef's design affects wave transmission, wave breaking, and the creation of circulation patterns that can significantly influence sediment transport and deposition around the reef. Estimating wave transmission over submerged structures, considering the permeability of the structure, the crest width, and the structure's position relative to the shore is a highly curated process requiring an extensive knowledge base with the latest in numerical and physical modelling capabilities. Morphological Response: The shoreline response to the construction of an artificial reef can vary widely, with potential outcomes including beach accretion, erosion, or no significant change. Factors influencing these outcomes, such as the reef's distance from the shore, its submergence depth, and the prevailing wave conditions can have significant impacts. Designing a reef that enhances coastal protection without causing unintended negative impacts requires a nuanced understanding of these morphodynamic processes. Environmental Considerations: Beyond their physical and engineering aspects, artificial reefs also interact with the marine environment. They can create new habitats for marine life, alter local ecosystems, and impact marine biodiversity. The design process must consider these environmental impacts, aiming to create structures that provide coastal protection while also supporting or enhancing the local marine environment as a nature based solution. Safety and Usability: A Multi Purpose Artificial Reef will be designed to allow for user interaction which creates a significant safety factor consideration that comes into the design process. Typically there are some 'trade-offs' in efficiency versus safety that need to be balanced specifically for the site and local conditions relating to the reef crest height and width. This will impact the depth over the reef at various tides as well as rip currents around the reef during different wave conditions. In summary, the design of artificial reefs for coastal protection is a multifaceted process that demands a thorough and well-researched approach. It involves not just engineering and physical considerations but also a deep understanding of the local marine environment. This complexity showcasses the necessity of engaging multidisciplinary teams in the design and implementation phases, ensuring that the reefs not only protect the coast but also preserve or enhance the marine ecosystem. Multi Purpose Artificial Reefs: One Piece of the Solution While the study has shown that after 20 years there are significant positive impacts of the Narrowneck Reef on the local conditions (beach volume, marine habitat and surf amenity in reef vicinity), it is part of a larger coastal resilience design approach. In order to create a "healthy beach profile" and "living shoreline", both the top and bottom of the beach need to be addressed in conjunction with short and long term sand management strategies. This includes activities like nearshore nourishment (an ICM developed approach), as well as dune vegetation and management. For over 30 years International Coastal Management has been at the forefront of coastal resilience design and implementation, specifically in multi purpose artificial reef design. Through the years our highly specialised team has developed new materials, construction and monitoring methods which are considered worlds best practice. As we move forward and encounter new locations and changing climate conditions we are continually developing on successful reef projects to ensure ongoing longevity and knowledge hub development for the improvement of eco-engineered reefs as a means for coastal resilience.

Coastal erosion is a persistent challenge for communities worldwide, driven by rising sea levels, frequent storms, and human activity along shorelines. Geotextile sand containers can offer a versatile, “soft” alternative to traditional solutions like rock groynes and seawalls, which can be costly and have their own drawbacks. They can provide a balanced approach to shoreline protection by combining durability with potenially reduced ecological impact (site dependent - read on for clarification). In this article, we’ll explore what geotextile sand containers are, their key advantages and disadvantages, and when they are an ideal choice for coastal resilience. You will learn how they can offer effective erosion control when designed and implemented with expertise. What Are Geotextile Sand Containers? Geotextile sand containers, also known as geotextile sand bags or geosynthetic sand containers, are durable 'bags/blocks' or 'tubes' made from high-strength geotextile fabric and filled with sand or other local materials. Unlike rigid materials such as rock or concrete, these containers adapt naturally to the coastal environment and can be installed in a variety of configurations, such as groynes, seawalls, breakwaters and even artificial reefs. "These sand-filled geotextile containers aren’t just soft rock; they’re flexible, adaptable, and designed to work with nature, not against it." - Angus Jackson, ICM When Are Geotextile Sand Containers a Good Solution? Geotextile sand containers are highly adaptable and can be used in a range of coastal protection projects. They are especially suitable when the project requires flexibility, low impact, or involves challenging logistics. Here are some ideal scenarios for considering them: Low-Crested and Recreational Sites: Geotextile sand containers are a good choice for low-crested structures in areas with high recreational use. Their sand-filled composition provides a “soft,” hydraulically smooth structure, making them safer for beachgoers. Temporary, Flexible, or Staged Designs: When quick installation is essential, such as in temporary or phased projects, geotextile sand containers allow for modular and flexible design. The containers can be quickly filled and installed, and their modular nature means they can be constructed in stages or modified if conditions change. Sites with Limited Access to Rock or Large Equipment: In remote or environmentally sensitive locations, where importing large amounts of rock or concrete would be challenging, geotextile sand containers offer an effective alternative. They can be filled with sand sourced locally, minimising transport impact and the need for heavy machinery. Environmentally Friendly Projects: Geotextile sand containers can have lower carbon footprint than other materials (including rock - considering material transport to site) and also have the capacity to support marine life. Over time, they often become colonised by marine flora, helping create habitats and blend into the natural landscape. Their soft exterior attracts 'softer' flora such as algaes, kelps and soft corals in certain scenarios. Low-Impact and Adaptable Infrastructure Needs: Use is ideal where resistance to natural forces is needed without major impact loads. They are resilient to wave action, yet their modular design allows for removal, modification, or coverage with rock if required. This flexibility also makes them easy to inspect, repair, and replace. Important Considerations for Effective Deployment Geotextile sand container use should be carefully tailored to the specific coastal conditions of the site. Variables such as wave climate, nearshore slope, tides, sediment transport rates, and geotechnical factors all influence the optimal design and placement of these structures. Using advanced design tools and models, coastal engineers are essential for ensuring that these factors are thoroughly evaluated. With the right expertise, this coastal erosion solution can provide stable, long-lasting protection with minimal impact on surrounding ecosystems. “Geosynthetic applications in coastal structures need specialised design, maintenance, and monitoring to meet durability expectations, especially in light of climate change pressures and potential scarcity of natural rock resources.” - Angus Jackson, ICM Advantages of Geotextile Sand Containers Cost-Effective and Accessible: Depending on the site, compared to traditional rock or concrete barriers, geotextile sand containers can be more economical. They can be filled on-site, reducing transportation costs, and are particularly suitable for locations where access to heavy materials like rock may be limited. Flexible and “Soft” Infrastructure: Because of their sand filling, geotextile sand containers provide a soft surface, which is safer for recreational beaches where people engage in water sports. Environmentally Compatible: The geotextile fabric used in these containers can allow the growth of marine life, making them compatible with natural habitats. Over time, they can build biodiversity, providing surfaces for marine organisms to grow and supporting local ecosystems. Ideal for Emergency and Temporary Use: In urgent situations where erosion control is needed immediately, these sand containers can be quickly filled and placed, or used as temporary structures while more permanent solutions are developed. Disadvantages of Geotextile Sand Containers While they offer many advantages, there are also some limitations: Durability Concerns: Although they are engineered for strength, they may degrade over time, especially in high-energy wave environments. Prolonged UV exposure and sharp debris can also reduce their lifespan. Potential for Displacement: In areas with extreme weather or powerful waves, they may become displaced or damaged without proper design or installation and maintenance, reducing their effectiveness. Maintenance Requirements: Regular inspection and upkeep are essential to ensure they perform well over time. Without adequate maintenance, they may be subject to things like vandalism or shift and lose their protective function. Quality Variations: Not all geotextile materials are created equal. Inferior geotextile fabric can lead to quicker degradation or failure, which is why it’s essential to use high-quality geotextile bags/containers from reputable companies. At ICM, we have decades of experience in identifying and sourcing high quality geotextile companies. Our team ensures that clients receive top-quality materials for maximum durability and performance. Additionally, our coastal engineers carefully assess project sites to determine the best installation methods and configurations, enhancing the lifespan and effectiveness of each GSC structure. Importance of Working with Coastal Engineers Using geotextile sand containers for coastal protection requires a thorough understanding of coastal dynamics. Experienced coastal engineers are essential for analysing factors like wave energy, sediment movement, and environmental impacts, ensuring that the design and installation of these structures provide effective beach erosion protection. Our experienced engineers at ICM guide each phase of the project: Site Analysis: Conducting wave, sediment, and environmental assessments. Customised Design: Tailoring the size, shape, and layout of geotextile sand container structures based on site-specific needs. Expert Installation: Selecting the best installation method to maximise resilience, whether through above-water filling, shallow-water filling with divers, or using a split-hull barge for deep-water installations. Ongoing Monitoring: Our team can preapre a monitiring and mainteance plan or perform routine innspctions (site dependent). ICM’s coastal engineering team is dedicated to delivering GSC solutions that not only meet but exceed industry standards for quality and durability. Real-World Applications and Success Stories ICM have used geotextile sand containers in projects globally over the past 40 years. Here are some key projects: Maroochydore Groynes, QLD In Maroochydore, Queensland, geotextile sand bags were used to create groynes that successfully stabilised the shoreline. Built with 2.5 cubic meter bags, these groynes were engineered for coastal protection while providing recreational benefits. ICM developed the design of the structures and also the containers and filling methods in conjunction with Geofrabrics to make them manageable with one excavator. After 20 years the structure was upgraded by a local contractor as the community opted to keep the groynes as sand filled geotextiles containers and not switch to rock for their user-friendliness. “We don’t always need traditional hard structures. Sometimes a softer, more flexible approach is exactly what’s needed.” Narrowneck Artificial Reef, QLD The Narrowneck project on the Gold Coast used geotextile mega containers to construct a large scale multipurpose artificial reef. ICM developed the reef design and the filling and placement methods to achieve the most cost-effective volume of artificial reef creation to date. This reef not only assists in protecting the coastline but also enhances recreational amenities with improving surf conditions and diving opportunities. By combining erosion control with a boost to local tourism, this project demonstrates the multifunctionality of geotextile sand containers. "We designed it as a coastal defense, but it quickly became a fishing and diving hotspot. People and nature both adapted to it, making it more than just a breakwater." - Angus Jackson, ICM Munna Point, Noosa River, QLD Munna Point, a recreational beach on the Noosa River, faced severe erosion, leading to costly, frequent nourishment efforts. To restore the beach, ICM implemented a groyne field with low-crested geotextile sand containers and targeted nourishment. The first three groynes were installed using an innovative in-situ filling method with a dredge. Monitoring over 12 months showed a stable intertidal profile, and the beach now serves as a well-used community amenity. Another first of its kind approach to placing sand filled geocontainers, these methods have since been used on multiple projects around the globe. Private Island, Abu Dhabi: ICM completed a structure in Abu Dhabi for a private island, developing 'soft' breakwaters out of geotextile sand containers. They quickly became popular recreational facilities for the beachgoers, and providing coastal protection, and helped to preserve the marine habitat (by having a much smaller footprint than the alternative proposed rock breakwater). Geotextile sand containers are favoured on remote islands for their minimal environmental impact (compared to high carbon footprints of importing rock) and adaptability to unique coastal conditions. "We found that geotextiles often provide a much smaller footprint and create a habitat for marine life, something that’s hard to achieve with traditional rock structures." - Angus Jackson, ICM Frequently Asked Questions What is the longevity of geotextile sand containers in harsh environments? With the right design and regular maintenance, it's suggested that they can achieve a 30-year design life for structures (this depends on the material supplier and use of the containers, exposure, etc.). When it comes to repairs, geotextiles are easy to modify and manage. How do geotextile sand containers compare to rock groynes and seawalls? While traditional structures made with rock and concrete modules are effective for erosion control, they can come with high costs and environmental drawbacks for remote areas. The best material for site depends on a multitude of factors and all options should be considered by a coastal engineer to achieve the best possible outcomes. How do geotextile sand containers protect against tidal flow? When well-designed and correctly filled they can offer excellent durability and strength in tidal conditions. How can we prevent pollution at the end of a geotextile sand containers life? Removal plans are often part of the design to minimise environmental impact. How do I know if geotextile containers will work for my project/site? By reviewing the conditions on site and working with you to achieve the expected outcomes, a coastal engineer can review several options which may include geotextile conatiners. They can also review which supplier(s) might be best suited to your project needs (as not all geotextiles are created equal and some are designed specifically for certain coastal applications). Will geotextile containers last on my project? Sand filled geotextile conatiners are not a silver bullet for all coastal projects. Yes, they can be ideal for some projects, but then not recommended for other projects. It really depends on the site conditions and the expected outcomes however, for most coastal projects sand filled geotextile containers should at least be considered in an options analysis. Do you want to use geotextile sand containers for your coastal project? They can offer a great ‘soft’ solution for coastal erosion control, combining cost-effectiveness with environmental benefits and versatility. These structures allow coastal communities to protect shorelines while creating safer, more accessible beach environments. At International Coastal Management (ICM), we have over 40 years of experience in designing and implementing these structures tailored to unique coastal needs. From emergency erosion solutions to permanent beach stabilisation, our expertise ensures you’ll have a customised approach that maximises resilience. Contact us today to see whether geotextile sand containers would be a good fit for your coastal protection project.

In the face of growing climate change impacts, such as rising sea levels, extreme storm events, and environmental unpredictability, coastal engineering has shifted toward solutions that work with nature to enhance resilience and sustainability. While nature-based solutions have been successfully implemented in inshore and estuarine environments, high-wave energy open coasts present unique challenges that require innovative approaches. At the recent International Conference on Coastal Engineering (ICCE 2024), ICM's Senior Coastal Engineer, Sam King, presented on the topic of "Working with Nature Along Open Coasts, The Past, Present and Future.” This research highlights the progress and potential of nature-based solutions, particularly in challenging environments like open coasts, where the forces of nature are often more extreme. Below, we explore the key takeaways from this important work, which focuses on balancing coastal protection with ecological and community values. The Shift Toward Nature-Based Solutions In recent years, the field of coastal engineering has increasingly adopted nature-based solutions to address the dual goals of coastal protection and ecological restoration. These approaches aim to harness natural processes to improve ecosystem health, sequester carbon, and preserve coastal community values, while also providing practical benefits like erosion control and improved fisheries. However, when it comes to high-wave energy open coasts, where the environment is more dynamic and extreme, nature-based solutions alone often struggle to provide immediate or long-term protection. As a result, hybrid solutions—which combine both natural and engineered elements—are becoming increasingly critical for achieving the desired outcomes. Past Experiences and Proven Hybrid Solutions Drawing from past projects, ICM’s research has explored how hybrid nature-based solutions can be applied to high-wave energy environments. Examples include the use of dune management and beach vegetation practices alongside buried seawalls, which allow natural processes to absorb and respond to coastal erosion trends while maintaining the protective capabilities of engineered infrastructure. Similarly, the use of artificial reefs and nearshore nourishment has proven successful in maintaining beach amenity and resilience while enhancing coastal protection during severe storm events. The Narrowneck Artificial Reef on the Gold Coast, Australia, serves as a prime example of this approach, where environmental values were improved through the integration of sustainable materials to support marine habitats. Present Innovations and Challenges As the field of coastal engineering continues to evolve, coastal communities are increasingly calling for more innovative and sustainable solutions. Competitions like the Oceanside Re:Beach Design Competition in the U.S. and recent policy developments, such as the Biden-Harris roadmap for nature-based solutions, highlight the growing demand for environmentally conscious approaches to coastal protection. However, implementing these solutions on open coasts comes with its own set of challenges: Immediate protection needs: Ecological processes take time to fully develop. In high-energy environments, this can leave areas vulnerable in the short term. Wave energy impacts: The extreme conditions on open coasts can impose significant stress on natural systems, leading to potential loss of protection capacity during severe weather events. Ecological incompatibilities: High-energy environments may not always be conducive to the successful establishment of certain natural systems, particularly those that require stable sediment conditions. Despite these challenges, the present state of nature-based solutions offers promising opportunities. With improved tools such as the Australian Guidelines for Nature-Based Methods and the USACE Engineering with Nature Toolkit, engineers now have better frameworks to integrate nature-based elements into coastal protection projects. Future Directions Looking ahead, coastal engineers in Australia and globally will need to adopt more integrated coastal management systems that combine both conventional and nature-based solutions to address the long-term impacts of climate change. These approaches will need to preserve coastal values, protect community livelihoods, and ensure sustainable coastal economies. Pilot projects, like ICM’s work on the Oceanside Re:Beach Project, will be key to advancing these strategies. Ongoing monitoring and research will play a vital role in refining nature-based guidelines and ensuring that future projects are both resilient and adaptable to the changing coastal environment. The shift toward working with nature in coastal engineering represents a fundamental change in how we approach coastal protection in the face of climate change. By integrating nature-based solutions with conventional engineering methods, we can create robust, sustainable systems that protect both our coastlines and the communities that rely on them. Interested in learning how nature-based coastal protection can benefit your next project? Contact us today to discuss how ICM’s innovative solutions can help enhance coastal resilience while preserving environmental and community values. Poster: Working with Nature Along Open Coasts, Presented at the ICCE 2024.